{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,12]],"date-time":"2026-09-12T01:55:57Z","timestamp":1789178157745,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,1]],"date-time":"2021-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1630454400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Med."],"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:bold>Background:<\/jats:bold> To evaluate the effect of oxycodone on post-operative pain and inflammation in elderly patients undergoing laparoscopic gastrectomy.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Methods:<\/jats:bold> Sixty patients who were of both sexes, American Society of Anesthesiologists Physical Status (ASA-PS) Class I or II, over 65 years of age and undergoing an elective laparoscopic radical gastrectomy were randomly divided into two groups: an oxycodone group (Group O) including 20 males and 10 females and a sufentanil group (Group S) including 21 males and 9 females. The post-operative analgesia regimen was as follows: 40 mg of parecoxib sodium and 0.1 mg\/kg of oxycodone was intravenously injected into Group O before the abdomen closure, while 40 mg of parecoxib sodium and 0.1 \u03bcg\/kg of sufentanil was injected intravenously into Group S. Both groups were infiltrated with 20 ml of 1% ropivacaine at the end of the operation. The level of serum IL-6 and IL-10 were assayed immediately at the following timepoints: at the conclusion of surgery (T1), 1 h (T2), 6 h (T3), and 24 h (T4) after the completion of the surgery. The numerical rating scale (NRS), the Ramsay sedation score, analgesic-related adverse events, post-operative pulmonary inflammation events and the post-operative stay were recorded.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results:<\/jats:bold> Compared with Group S, the serum IL-6 concentrations of Group O decreased at T<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub> and T<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>, while the serum IL-10 concentrations increased (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &amp;lt; 0.05). In Group O, the serum IL-6 concentrations at T<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub> and T<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub> were lower than those at T<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub> (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &amp;lt; 0.05). The incidence of post-operative nausea and vomiting (PONV) and pulmonary inflammation in Group O was lower than that in Group S (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &amp;lt; 0.05). At each time point, the NRS of visceral pain in Group O was lower than that in Group S. At 6 and 24 h after extubation, the NRS of incision pain in Group O was lower than that in Group S (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &amp;lt; 0.05).<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusion:<\/jats:bold> Oxycodone can regulate the level of inflammatory cytokines and reduce post-operative inflammatory response.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2021.700025","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,4]],"date-time":"2021-09-04T00:33:31Z","timestamp":1630715611000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["The Effect of Oxycodone on Post-operative Pain and Inflammatory Cytokine Release in Elderly Patients Undergoing Laparoscopic 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