{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T19:46:30Z","timestamp":1791575190028,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,17]],"date-time":"2022-01-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1642377600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Med."],"abstract":"\n Objective<\/jats:title>\n To compare the efficacy of intravenous (IV) lidocaine with standard analgesics (NSAIDS, opioids) for pain control due to any cause in the emergency department.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n The electronic databases of PubMed, Embase, ScienceDirect, CENTRAL, and Google Scholar were explored from 1st January 2000 to 30th March 2021 and randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing IV lidocaine with a control group of standard analgesics were included.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n Twelve RCTs including 1,351 patients were included. The cause of pain included abdominal pain, renal or biliary colic, traumatic pain, radicular low back pain, critical limb ischemia, migraine, tension-type headache, and pain of unknown origin. On pooled analysis, we found no statistically significant difference in pain scores between IV lidocaine and control group at 15 min (MD: \u22120.24 95% CI: \u22121.08, 0.61\n I<\/jats:italic>\n 2<\/jats:sup>\n = 81%\n p<\/jats:italic>\n = 0.59), 30 min (MD: \u22120.24 95% CI: \u22121.03, 0.55\n I<\/jats:italic>\n 2<\/jats:sup>\n = 86%\n p<\/jats:italic>\n = 0.55), 45 min (MD: 0.31 95% CI: \u22120.66, 1.29\n I<\/jats:italic>\n 2<\/jats:sup>\n = 66%\n p<\/jats:italic>\n = 0.53), and 60 min (MD: 0.59 95% CI: \u22120.26, 1.44\n I<\/jats:italic>\n 2<\/jats:sup>\n = 75%\n p<\/jats:italic>\n = 0.18). There was no statistically significant difference in the need for rescue analgesics between the two groups (OR: 1.45 95% CI: 0.82, 2.56\n I<\/jats:italic>\n 2<\/jats:sup>\n = 41%\n p<\/jats:italic>\n = 0.20), but on subgroup analysis, the need for rescue analgesics was significantly higher with IV lidocaine in studies on abdominal pain but not for musculoskeletal pain. On meta-analysis, there was no statistically significant difference in the incidence of side-effects between the two study groups (OR: 1.09 95% CI: 0.59, 2.02\n I<\/jats:italic>\n 2<\/jats:sup>\n = 48%\n p<\/jats:italic>\n = 0.78).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n IV lidocaine can be considered as an alternative analgesic for pain control in the ED. However, its efficacy may not be higher than standard analgesics. Further RCTs with a large sample size are needed to corroborate the current conclusions.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2021.706844","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,16]],"date-time":"2022-01-16T23:38:50Z","timestamp":1642376330000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Efficacy of Intravenous Lidocaine for Pain Relief in the Emergency Department: A Systematic Review and 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