{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,3]],"date-time":"2026-04-03T21:12:45Z","timestamp":1775250765127,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,2]],"date-time":"2021-08-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1627862400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Med."],"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:bold>Objective:<\/jats:bold> This study aimed to assess the associations of the risk of asthma diagnosed in children aged 6 years or younger and having maternal immune-mediated inflammatory diseases (IMIDs), including systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), systemic sclerosis (SSc), inflammatory myositis, rheumatoid arthritis (RA), Sj\u00f6gren's syndrome (SS), ankylosing spondylitis (AS), and autoimmune thyroiditis.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Methods:<\/jats:bold> A total of 628,878 singleton newborns documented in 2006\u20132009 and followed up for at least 6 years were identified. Overall, 153,085 (24.3%) children developed asthma at the age of  \u2264 6 years. Two groups of maternal ages, i.e., &amp;lt;35 and \u226535 years, were evaluated. The associations of the risk of asthma occurring in children who were 6 years old or younger and had maternal IMIDs were examined.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results:<\/jats:bold> The risk of asthma increased in children whose mothers had SLE [odds ratio (OR), 1.13; 95% confidence intervals (CI), 1.00\u20131.27; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.04), RA (OR, 1.21; 95% CI, 1.07\u20131.38; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.003), inflammatory myositis (OR, 1.41; 95% CI, 1.12\u20131.74; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.003), asthma (OR, 1.58; 95% CI, 1.52\u20131.63), allergic rhinitis (OR, 1.30; 95% CI, 1.28\u20131.32), or atopic dermatitis (OR, 1.07; 95% CI, 1.02\u20131.12). Conversely, this increased risk was not observed in children whose mothers had AS (OR, 1.02; 95% CI, 0.87\u20131.20), SS (OR, 0.96; 95% CI, 0.86\u20131.07), SSc (OR, 1.28; 95% CI, 0.77\u20132.14), or autoimmune thyroiditis (OR, 1.01; 95% CI, 0.95\u20131.07). Other risk factors of childhood asthma included high urbanization level, preterm birth, and low birth weight.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusion:<\/jats:bold> The risk of childhood asthma at 6 years of age increased in children whose mothers suffered from SLE, RA, inflammatory myositis, asthma, allergic rhinitis, and atopic dermatitis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2021.713262","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,2]],"date-time":"2021-08-02T05:39:08Z","timestamp":1627882748000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Association of the Risk of Childhood Asthma at Age 6 With Maternal Allergic or Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Diseases: A Nationwide Population-Based 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