{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T04:18:05Z","timestamp":1787026685090,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,29]],"date-time":"2021-09-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1632873600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100001582","name":"Dermatology Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100001582","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Med."],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Pemphigus is a group of autoimmune-mediated mucocutaneous blistering diseases characterized by acantholysis. Pemphigus has also been recognized in dogs and shares similar clinical characteristics and variants with human pemphigus. While relationships between human and canine pemphigus have been reported, gene expression patterns across species have not been described in the literature. We sought to perform gene expression analysis of lesional skin tissue from four dogs with various forms of pemphigus to examine gene expression during spontaneous disease in dogs. We found increased T and B cell signatures in canine pemphigus lesions compared to controls, as well as significant upregulation of\n                    <jats:italic>CCL3, CCL4, CXCL10<\/jats:italic>\n                    , and\n                    <jats:italic>CXCL8 (IL8)<\/jats:italic>\n                    , among other genes. Similar chemokine\/cytokine expression patterns and immune infiltrates have been reported in humans, suggesting that these genes play a role in spontaneous disease. Direct comparison of our dataset to previously published human pemphigus datasets revealed five conserved differentially expressed genes:\n                    <jats:italic>CD19, WIF1, CXCL10, CD86<\/jats:italic>\n                    , and\n                    <jats:italic>S100A12<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Our data expands our understanding of pemphigus and facilitates identification of biomarkers for prediction of disease prognosis and treatment response, which may be useful for future veterinary and human clinical trials.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2021.723982","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,29]],"date-time":"2021-09-29T01:33:20Z","timestamp":1632879200000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Gene Expression Analysis in Four Dogs With Canine Pemphigus Clinical Subtypes Reveals B Cell Signatures and Immune Activation Pathways Similar to Human Disease"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Haya S.","family":"Raef","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cesar","family":"Piedra-Mora","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Neil B.","family":"Wong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Diana Junyue","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Clement N.","family":"David","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicholas A.","family":"Robinson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ram\u00f3n M.","family":"Almela","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jillian M.","family":"Richmond","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17026","DOI":"10.1038\/Nrdp.2017.26","article-title":"Pemphigus","volume":"3","author":"Kasperkiewicz","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat Rev Dis Primers."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1007\/S00403-014-1531-1","article-title":"Geographic variations in epidemiology of two autoimmune bullous diseases: pemphigus and bullous pemphigoid","volume":"307","author":"Alpsoy","year":"2015","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol Res."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(05)66829-8","article-title":"Pemphigus","volume":"366","author":"Bystryn","year":"2005","journal-title":"Lancet."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1186\/S12917-020-02677-W","article-title":"Deep pemphigus (pemphigus vulgaris, pemphigus vegetans and paraneoplastic pemphigus) in dogs, cats and horses: a comprehensive review","volume":"16","author":"Tham","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMC Vet Res."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1016\/S0190-9622(99)70183-0","article-title":"The clinical phenotype of pemphigus is defined by the anti-desmoglein autoantibody profile","volume":"40","author":"Amagai","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.2340\/00015555-1854","article-title":"Development of a disease registry for autoimmune bullous diseases: initial analysis of the pemphigus vulgaris subset","volume":"95","author":"Shah","year":"2015","journal-title":"Acta Derm Venereol."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1800","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra061111","article-title":"Pemphigus, bullous impetigo, and the staphylococcal scalded-skin syndrome","volume":"355","author":"Stanley","year":"2006","journal-title":"N Engl J Med."},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3164.2006.00540.x","article-title":"A review of autoimmune skin diseases in domestic animals: I - superficial pemphigus","volume":"17","author":"Olivry","year":"2006","journal-title":"Vet Dermatol."},{"key":"B9","unstructured":"Immune-mediated dermatoses in domestic animals: ten years after. 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