{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,3]],"date-time":"2025-12-03T17:59:15Z","timestamp":1764784755472,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,21]],"date-time":"2021-10-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1634774400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012659","name":"Foundation for Innovative Research Groups of the National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["31672375","82073648"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["31672375","82073648"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Med."],"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:bold>Introduction:<\/jats:bold> Glomerular hyperfiltration (GHF) is an early kidney injury. We investigated whether GHF is associated with arterial stiffness expressed by increase of brachial\u2013ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) and pulse pressure (PP), and whether the coexistence of GHF and abnormal metabolism increases the risk of arterial stiffness.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Methods:<\/jats:bold> In this prospective cohort study, 2,133 non-chronic kidney disease (CKD) participants aged \u226540 years were followed for a mean period of 3.3 years. The extent of arterial stiffness was expressed by measures of baPWV and PP. GHF was defined as eGFR exceeding the age- and sex-specific 90th percentile. Multivariate logistic regression models were used to assess the association between GHF\/abnormal metabolism and increased baPWV\/PP. The interaction indexes of GHF and abnormal metabolism on arterial stiffness were calculated based on the OR in a multivariate logistic regression model.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results:<\/jats:bold> GHF alone was not associated with increased baPWV or PP in all participants in this study. However, when GHF coexisted with abnormal metabolism, the risk of increased PP increased 3.23-fold [OR = 3.23(1.47\u20137.13)] compared with participants with normal filtration and normal metabolism, in which the interaction accounted for 55.1% of the total effect and 79.8% of the effect from GHF and abnormal metabolism. After subtracting the independent effects of GHF and abnormal metabolism, their combined effect still resulted in a 1.78-fold increase in PP.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusion:<\/jats:bold> GHF could interact with abnormal metabolism to significantly enhance arterial stiffness. Since abnormal metabolism commonly exists in the general population, even slight changes in renal function should be distinguished to prevent arterial stiffness risk.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2021.732413","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,21]],"date-time":"2021-10-21T05:45:41Z","timestamp":1634795141000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Glomerular Hyperfiltration Interacts With Abnormal Metabolism to Enhance Arterial Stiffness in Middle-Aged and Elderly People"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Qi","family":"Zhai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Wen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Meiping","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yingting","family":"Zuo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xin","family":"Su","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yibo","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Herbert","family":"Gaisano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yan","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2315","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehw106","article-title":"2016 European guidelines on cardiovascular disease prevention in clinical practice. The sixth joint task force of the European Society of Cardiology and Other Societies on Cardiovascular Disease Prevention in clinical practice (constituted by representatives of 10 societies and by invited experts. Developed with the special contribution of the European Association for Cardiovascular Prevention & Rehabilitation","volume":"37","author":"Piepoli","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2018.04.005","article-title":"Arterial stiffness in CKD: a review","volume":"73","author":"Townsend","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/j.kint.2017.08.035","article-title":"The overdriven glomerulus as a cardiovascular risk factor","volume":"93","author":"Mallamaci","year":"2018","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"650","DOI":"10.1097\/HJH.0000000000001238","article-title":"Exploring the association of arterial stiffness with estimated glomerular filtration rate: another chicken-egg paradigm?","volume":"35","author":"Georgianos","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Hypertens"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.2337\/dc09-1303","article-title":"Effect of direct renin inhibition on renal hemodynamic function, arterial stiffness, and endothelial function in humans with uncomplicated type 1 diabetes: a pilot study","volume":"33","author":"Cherney","year":"2010","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1111\/sdi.12093","article-title":"Sympathetic nervous system function and dysfunction in chronic hemodialysis patients","volume":"26","author":"Rubinger","year":"2013","journal-title":"Semin Dial"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2368","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.13831","article-title":"Renal hyperfiltration defined by high estimated glomerular filtration rate: a risk factor for cardiovascular disease and mortality","volume":"21","author":"Kanbay","year":"2019","journal-title":"Diabetes Obes Metab"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1058","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2017.01058","article-title":"Inflammatory markers for arterial stiffness in cardiovascular diseases","volume":"8","author":"Mozos","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1318","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2009.10.061","article-title":"Prediction of cardiovascular events and all-cause mortality with arterial stiffness","volume":"55","author":"Vlachopoulos","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1065","DOI":"10.1097\/00004872-199917080-00004","article-title":"Pulse pressure as a risk factor for cardiovascular events in the MRC mild hypertension trial","volume":"17","author":"Millar","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Hypertens"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1111\/1753-0407.12108","article-title":"Cohort profile: risk evaluation of cancers in Chinese diabetic individuals: a longitudinal (REACTION) study","volume":"6","author":"Bi","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Diabetes"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"682","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2018.04.018","article-title":"Associations between kidney disease measures and regional pulse wave velocity in a large community-based cohort: the atherosclerosis risk in communities (ARIC) study","volume":"72","author":"Kim","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1097\/HJH.0000000000001158","article-title":"High glomerular filtration rate is associated with arterial stiffness in Chinese population","volume":"35","author":"Lin","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Hypertens"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.03080314","article-title":"A systematic review of glomerular hyperfiltration assessment and definition in the medical literature","volume":"10","author":"Cachat","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1546","DOI":"10.2337\/dc11-0235","article-title":"Impaired fasting glucose is associated with renal hyperfiltration in the general population","volume":"34","author":"Melsom","year":"2011","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"841","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2015.10.025","article-title":"Prediabetes and risk of glomerular hyperfiltration and albuminuria in the general nondiabetic population: a prospective cohort study","volume":"67","author":"Melsom","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0223050","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0223050","article-title":"Glomerular hyperfiltration may be a novel risk factor of restrictive spirometry pattern: analysis of the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) 2009\u20132015","volume":"14","author":"Lim","year":"2019","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1082","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000000698","article-title":"2018 AHA\/ACC\/AACVPR\/AAPA\/ABC\/ACPM\/ADA\/AGS\/APhA\/ASPC\/NLA\/PCNA guideline on the management of blood cholesterol: a report of the American College of Cardiology\/American Heart Association Task Force on clinical practice guidelines","volume":"139","author":"Grundy","year":"2019","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1653","DOI":"10.2337\/dc16-er09","article-title":"Erratum. Classification and diagnosis of diabetes. Sec. 2. In Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes-2016. Diabetes Care 2016;39","volume":"39","author":"American","year":"2016","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1334","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.120.15026","article-title":"2020 International society of hypertension global hypertension practice guidelines","volume":"75","author":"Unger","year":"2020","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"390","DOI":"10.3760\/cma.j.issn.0253-3758.2016.10.005","article-title":"Joint committee for developing chinese guidelines on P, treatment of dyslipidemia in A. Chinese guidelines on prevention and treatment of dyslipidemia in adults","volume":"35","author":"Chu","year":"2007","journal-title":"Zhonghua Xin Xue Guan Bing Za Zhi"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"452","DOI":"10.1097\/00001648-199209000-00012","article-title":"Confidence interval estimation of interaction","volume":"3","author":"Hosmer","year":"1992","journal-title":"Epidemiology"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e55444","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0055444","article-title":"Determinants of arterial stiffness in chronic kidney disease stage 3","volume":"8","author":"McIntyre","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2068","DOI":"10.2337\/dc10-0767","article-title":"Renal hyperfiltration and arterial stiffness in humans with uncomplicated type 1 diabetes","volume":"33","author":"Cherney","year":"2010","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1942","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2006111217","article-title":"Estimated glomerular filtration rate and urinary albumin excretion are independently associated with greater arterial stiffness: the hoorn study","volume":"18","author":"Hermans","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1315","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.V1261315","article-title":"Hyperfiltration in remnant nephrons: a potentially adverse response to renal ablation","volume":"12","author":"Hostetter","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"478","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehl455","article-title":"The glomerular filtration rate in an apparently healthy population and its relation with cardiovascular mortality during 10 years","volume":"28","author":"Van Biesen","year":"2007","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1038\/hr.2009.228","article-title":"Macrovascular and microvascular dysfunction in the metabolic syndrome","volume":"33","author":"Czernichow","year":"2010","journal-title":"Hypertens Res"},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1097\/HJH.0b013e328333d1fc","article-title":"Microvascular dysfunction in healthy insulin-sensitive overweight individuals","volume":"28","author":"Czernichow","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Hypertens"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ki.5000047","article-title":"Arterial stiffness and enlargement in mild-to-moderate chronic kidney disease","volume":"69","author":"Briet","year":"2006","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1774","DOI":"10.2337\/dc11-2345","article-title":"Risk factors for metabolic syndrome independently predict arterial stiffness and endothelial dysfunction in patients with chronic kidney disease and minimal comorbidity","volume":"35","author":"Lilitkarntakul","year":"2012","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1038\/ajh.2010.192","article-title":"Arterial stiffness, its assessment, prognostic value, and implications for treatment","volume":"24","author":"Adji","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am J Hypertens"},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"450","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.106.637793","article-title":"Triglycerides and the risk of coronary heart disease: 10 158 incident cases among 262 525 participants in 29 western prospective studies","volume":"115","author":"Sarwar","year":"2007","journal-title":"Circulation"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Medicine"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fmed.2021.732413\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,21]],"date-time":"2021-10-21T05:45:44Z","timestamp":1634795144000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fmed.2021.732413\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,21]]},"references-count":33,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fmed.2021.732413"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmed.2021.732413","relation":{},"ISSN":["2296-858X"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2296-858X"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,21]]},"article-number":"732413"}}