{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T14:49:46Z","timestamp":1792507786615,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,23]],"date-time":"2021-09-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1632355200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Med."],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Background:<\/jats:bold>\n                    Non-Hodgkin lymphoma is a common hematologic malignancy. This article aimed to estimate the trends of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) globally from 1990 to 2019.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Methods:<\/jats:bold>\n                    Data on the NHL burden were explored from the Global Burden of Disease study 2019. The trends of NHL burden were estimated using age-standardized rate (ASR) and estimated annual percentage change (EAPC).\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Results:<\/jats:bold>\n                    The ASR of NHL incidence showed an increasing trend worldwide from 1990 to 2019, with an EAPC of.56 [95% CI: 0.45\u20130.66]. Meanwhile, increasing trends were observed in both sexes and in most geographic regions, particularly East Asia (EAPC = 3.57, 95% CI: 3.29\u20133.86). The most pronounced increasing trends were seen in Georgia (EAPC = 4.7, 95% CI: 4.20\u20135.21), followed by Belarus and Uzbekistan. However, death and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) caused by NHL showed decreasing trends globally, in which the respective EAPCs were \u22120.09 (95% CI: \u22120.17 to \u22120.02) and \u22120.28 (95% CI: \u22120.35 to \u22120.22). Decreasing trends were mainly seen in high and high-middle sociodemographic index (SDI) areas. At the national level, the largest increasing trends of death and DALYs were observed in Georgia, in which the respective EAPCs were 4.54 (95% CI: 4.01\u20135.07) and 4.97 (95% CI: 4.42\u20135.52).\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Conclusions:<\/jats:bold>\n                    Decreasing trends of death and DALYs caused by NHL were observed worldwide from 1990 to 2019, but NHL remains a substantial challenge globally. The findings would inform the strategies for reducing the burden of NHL.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2021.738693","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,23]],"date-time":"2021-09-23T01:42:08Z","timestamp":1632361328000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":47,"title":["Trends Analysis of Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma at the National, Regional, and Global Level, 1990\u20132019: Results From the Global Burden of Disease Study 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