{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]],"date-time":"2026-07-10T18:02:23Z","timestamp":1783706543113,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,22]],"date-time":"2021-10-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1634860800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Med."],"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:bold>Background and Objectives:<\/jats:bold> Trifarotene is a topical retinoid selective for retinoic acid receptor gamma that was recently approved for treatment of acne vulgaris. We performed a gene expression analysis to identify the molecular and cellular impact of trifarotene treatment on acne papules.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Methods:<\/jats:bold> In this open-label prospective study, subjects with moderate inflammatory acne of the back were treated with trifarotene 0.005% or vehicle cream on dedicated areas for 27 days, and 4 biopsies were collected from each subject (1 from skin without a visible acne lesion and three at the site of an acne papule: one baseline, one after vehicle treatment, and one after trifarotene treatment). Large scale gene expression profiling of the biopsies was performed using Affymetrix technology, treatment-specific gene expression profiles were generated using statistical modeling, and pathway analysis was performed. Using single-cell RNAseq data, <jats:italic>in silico<\/jats:italic> deconvolution of transcriptomics data was performed to identify cellular signatures.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results:<\/jats:bold> We discovered a unique set of 67 genes modulated by trifarotene that are primarily involved in cellular migration, inflammation, and extracellular matrix reorganization. Changes in cellular expression were similar in both trifarotene-treated and spontaneously-resolving lesions. However, only trifarotene treatment impacted SPP1<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> macrophages, a subset of highly proliferative macrophages recently identified in fibrotic tissue.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusions:<\/jats:bold> These results show that trifarotene has a novel action in acne treatment by affecting epidermal and immune components of acne pathogenesis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2021.745822","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,22]],"date-time":"2021-10-22T05:50:44Z","timestamp":1634881844000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Transcriptomics Analysis Indicates Trifarotene Reverses Acne-Related Gene Expression 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