{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,10]],"date-time":"2026-02-10T19:56:59Z","timestamp":1770753419185,"version":"3.50.0"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,12]],"date-time":"2022-01-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1641945600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Med."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease (VKH) is a rare multisystemic inflammatory autoimmune disorder. Glaucoma secondary to VKH frequently occurs during the recurrent phase of anterior uveitis; however, acute angle-closure glaucoma (ACG) secondary to both VKH and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection has rarely been reported. We describe a case of secondary acute ACG involving VKH, characterized by sudden vision loss, moderately elevated intraocular pressure (IOP), shallow anterior chamber, and fully or partially closed angle, in an HIV-infected patient. Both VKH and HIV infection contributed to the occurrence of ACG due to the leakage and forward rotation of the ciliary body, as well as choroidal effusion. The deterioration of IOP and serous macular detachment were observed after initial corticosteroid therapy. Visual acuity and IOP were improved with subretinal fluid absorption after continued corticosteroid therapy. Understanding the response of IOP and serous macular detachment after corticosteroid therapy is important for clinical practice.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2021.752002","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,12]],"date-time":"2022-01-12T05:29:25Z","timestamp":1641965365000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Case Report: Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada Syndrome Mimicking Acute Angle-Closure Glaucoma in a Patient Infected With Human Immunodeficiency Virus"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Xue","family":"Bai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rui","family":"Hua","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1080\/09273948.2016.1268170","article-title":"Cytokine profiles in aqueous humor and plasma of HIV-infected individuals with ocular syphilis or cytomegalovirus retinitis","volume":"26","author":"Ruiz-Cruz","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ocul Immunol Inflamm."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"727","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cix878","article-title":"Immediate antiretroviral therapy decreases mortality among patients with high CD4 counts in China: a nationwide, retrospective cohort study","volume":"66","author":"Zhao","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1097\/QAI.0000000000001782","article-title":"Human immunodeficiency virus infection increases the risk of incident uveitis among people living with HIV\/AIDS","volume":"79","author":"Yen","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.1136\/practneurol-2018-002152","article-title":"Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease","volume":"19","author":"Street","year":"2019","journal-title":"Pract Neurol."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1374","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.86.12.1374","article-title":"Ultrasound biomicroscopic study of ciliary body changes in the post-treatment phase of Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease","volume":"86","author":"Wada","year":"2002","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1186\/s13023-016-0412-4","article-title":"Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease: review of a rare autoimmune disease targeting antigens of melanocytes","volume":"11","author":"Lavezzo","year":"2016","journal-title":"Orphanet J Rare Dis."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.3109\/09273948.2013.792937","article-title":"Bilateral acute angle closure glaucoma as a presentation of Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada syndrome in four Chinese patients: a small case series","volume":"21","author":"Yao","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ocul Immunol Inflamm."},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.3892\/etm.2018.7011","article-title":"Normal-tension glaucoma: pathogenesis and genetics","volume":"17","author":"Trivli","year":"2019","journal-title":"Exp Ther Med."},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbacli.2016.04.004","article-title":"Generation of reactive oxygen species in the anterior eye segment. 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