{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T09:01:40Z","timestamp":1787734900415,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,15]],"date-time":"2021-12-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1639526400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Med."],"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:bold>Objective:<\/jats:bold> To preliminarily explore the safety and effectiveness of transpedal lymphangiography (TL) with high-dose ethiodized oil application (&amp;gt;20 ml) in the treatment of high-output postoperative chylothorax.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Methods:<\/jats:bold> From 1 July 2020 to 1 July 2021, a total of 7 patients with high-flow postoperative chylothorax (&amp;gt; 1,000 ml\/d) were retrospectively reviewed in a single center. Clinical data, including surgery types, technical and treatment success of TL, and adverse events of TL, were collected and analyzed.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results:<\/jats:bold> Seven patients (5 cases of non-small cell lung cancer; 2 cases of esophageal carcinoma) with a median age of 62 years (range: 30\u201370 years) occurred postoperative chylothorax after tumor resection with mediastinal lymphadenectomy. All patients received conservative treatment including total parenteral nutrition and somatostatin administration for a median of 20 days (range: 15\u201331 days) that failed to cure the chylothorax, so TL was performed as a salvage. Before TL, the median daily chyle output was 1,500 ml\/day (range: 1,100\u20132,000 ml\/day). The technical success rate of TL was 100% (7\/7), with the median volume of ethiodized oil of 27.6 ml (range: 21.2\u201330.0 ml) injected in TL. Ruptured thoracic duct was identified in 5 patients (5\/7, 71%) in fluoroscopy and chest CT after TL. The treatment success rate of TL was 86% (6\/7). In 6 patients, the thoracic drainage was removed after a median of 7 days (range: 4\u201313 days) from TL performance. No adverse event of TL was reported.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusion:<\/jats:bold> Transpedal lymphangiography with high-dose ethiodized oil application (&amp;gt;20 ml) is a feasible, safe, and effective modality for the treatment of high-flow (&amp;gt; 1,000 ml\/day) postoperative chylothorax.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2021.754781","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,15]],"date-time":"2021-12-15T09:04:16Z","timestamp":1639559056000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Preliminary Exploration of Transpedal Lymphangiography With High-Dose Ethiodized Oil Application in the Treatment of Postoperative 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