{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,3]],"date-time":"2026-08-03T23:53:53Z","timestamp":1785801233329,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":71,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,8]],"date-time":"2021-11-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1636329600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Med."],"abstract":"<jats:p>There is an increased cardiovascular (CV) risk in axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA), leading to increased CV mortality and morbidity in these patients. The factors that may explain this enhanced CV risk in axSpA are multiple, including traditional CV risk factors such as smoking, but also the inflammatory process and probably the use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). The CV involvement of axSpA may be detected at an early and pre-clinical stage, using non-invasive techniques. While NSAIDs play a deleterious role in the CV risk of axSpA, TNF inhibitors seem to have a beneficial impact, but this remains to be demonstrated in specific clinical studies. More data are needed to determine the potential effects of IL-17 inhibitors on the CV risk of axSpA. CV comorbidity has been mainly assessed in the radiographic form of axSpA, while limited data are available in patients with the non-radiographic form. The current management of axSpA must consider this CV comorbidity according to the EULAR recommendations. Rheumatologists play a determinant role in the detection of CV risk and current management of these patients is focused on the control of disease activity, suppression of inflammation, screening for and management of traditional CV risk factors, as well as the restriction of NSAID use.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2021.782150","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,8]],"date-time":"2021-11-08T06:00:11Z","timestamp":1636351211000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["The Risk of Cardiovascular Diseases in Axial Spondyloarthritis. Current Insights"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Eric","family":"Toussirot","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)31591-4","article-title":"Axial spondyloarthritis","volume":"390","author":"Sieper","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780270401","article-title":"Evaluation of diagnostic criteria for ankylosing spondylitis. a proposal for modification of the New York criteria","volume":"27","author":"van der Linden","year":"1984","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"777","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2009.108233","article-title":"The development of assessment of spondyloarthritis international society classification criteria for axial spondyloarthritis (part II): validation and final selection","volume":"68","author":"Rudwaleit","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2004.07.010","article-title":"Cardiovascular risk profile of patients with spondylarthropathies, particularly ankylosing spondylitis and psoriatic arthritis","volume":"34","author":"Peters","year":"2004","journal-title":"Semin Arthritis Rheum."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2018.00062","article-title":"Comorbidities in spondyloarthritis","volume":"5","author":"Molt\u00f3","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Med."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1524","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2011-200726","article-title":"Risk of incident cardiovascular events in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a meta- analysis of observational studies","volume":"71","author":"Avina-Zubieta","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1007\/s11926-012-0270-6","article-title":"Cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases in ankylosing spondylitis: current insights","volume":"14","author":"Nurmohamed","year":"2012","journal-title":"Curr Rheumatol Rep."},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1080\/03009740701716868","article-title":"Spondyloarthritis: a strong predictor of early coronary artery bypass grafting","volume":"37","author":"Hollan","year":"2008","journal-title":"Scand J Rheumatol."},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.284.6314.449","article-title":"Mortality among patients with ankylosing spondylitis after a single treatment course with x rays","volume":"284","author":"Smith","year":"1982","journal-title":"Br Med J."},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780220408","article-title":"Epidemiology of ankylosing spondylitis in Rochester, Minnesota, 1935-1973","volume":"22","author":"Carter","year":"1979","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum."},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"572","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM197709152971103","article-title":"Mortality among patients with ankylosing spondylitis not given X-ray therapy","volume":"297","author":"Radford","year":"1977","journal-title":"N Engl J Med."},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780230110","article-title":"Ankylosing spondylitis: survival in men with and without radiotherapy","volume":"23","author":"Kaprove","year":"1980","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum."},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.52.3.174","article-title":"Mortality and causes of death in 398 patients admitted to hospital with ankylosing spondylitis","volume":"52","author":"Lehtinen","year":"1993","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis."},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1921","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2011.151191","article-title":"Increased mortality in ankylosing spondylitis is related to disease activity","volume":"70","author":"Bakland","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis."},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1182","DOI":"10.1002\/art.30277","article-title":"Life expectancy, standardized mortality ratios, and causes of death in six rheumatic diseases in Hong Kong, China","volume":"63","author":"Mok","year":"2011","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum."},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1466","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2015-207688","article-title":"Mortality in ankylosing spondylitis: results from a nationwide population-based study","volume":"75","author":"Exarchou","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis."},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2906","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/keaa737","article-title":"CARMA Project Collaborative Group Cardiovascular mortality and cardiovascular event rates in patients with inflammatory rheumatic diseases in the CARdiovascular in rheuMAtology (CARMA) prospective study-results at 5 years of follow-up","volume":"60","author":"Mart\u00edn-Mart\u00ednez","year":"2021","journal-title":"Rheumatology."},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1111\/1756-185X.13970","article-title":"Cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in patients with spondyloarthritis: a meta-analysis","volume":"24","author":"Kim","year":"","journal-title":"Int J Rheum Dis. ("},{"key":"B19","first-page":"2167","article-title":"Cardiovascular disease and risk factors in patients with rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, and ankylosing spondylitis","volume":"33","author":"Han","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Rheumatol."},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3294","DOI":"10.1002\/art.30581","article-title":"Increased risk of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases in individuals with ankylosing spondylitis: a population-based study","volume":"63","author":"Szabo","year":"2011","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum."},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1186\/s13075-017-1315-z","article-title":"Are ankylosing spondylitis, psoriatic arthritis and undifferentiated spondyloarthritis associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular events? a prospective nationwide population-based cohort study","volume":"19","author":"Bengtsson","year":"2017","journal-title":"Arthritis Res Ther."},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2012.02.008","article-title":"No increased rate of acute myocardial infarction or stroke among patients with ankylosing spondylitis-a retrospective cohort study using routine data","volume":"42","author":"Brophy","year":"2012","journal-title":"Semin Arthritis Rheum."},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.20364","article-title":"Cardiovascular profile in ankylosing spondylitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"63","author":"Mathieu","year":"2011","journal-title":"Arthritis Care Res."},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"551","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2014.10.007","article-title":"Cardiovascular events in ankylosing spondylitis: an updated meta-analysis","volume":"44","author":"Mathieu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Semin Arthritis Rheum."},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1016","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2015-208174","article-title":"Prevalence of comorbidities and evaluation of their screening in spondyloarthritis: results of the international cross-sectional ASAS-COMOSPA study","volume":"75","author":"Molt\u00f3","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis."},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2021.02.003","article-title":"Subclinical atherosclerotic disease in ankylosing spondylitis and non-radiographic axial spondyloarthritis. a multicenter study on 806 patients","volume":"51","author":"Gonz\u00e1lez","year":"2021","journal-title":"Semin Arthritis Rheum."},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1369","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2010.145995","article-title":"Rates and predictors of radiographic sacroiliitis progression over 2 years in patients with axial spondyloarthritis","volume":"70","author":"Poddubnyy","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis."},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"809","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2011-200180","article-title":"Smokers in early axial spondyloarthritis have earlier disease onset, more disease activity, inflammation and damage, and poorer function and health-related quality of life: results from the DESIR cohort","volume":"7","author":"Chung","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis."},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"567","DOI":"10.1177\/000331978803900702","article-title":"Cardiac alterations in ankylosing spondylitis","volume":"39","author":"Alves","year":"1988","journal-title":"Angiology"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1645","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.24070","article-title":"Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug use and association with incident hypertension in ankylosing spondylitis","volume":"72","author":"Liew","year":"2020","journal-title":"Arthritis Care Res."},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"710","DOI":"10.1007\/s10067-006-0380-5","article-title":"High prevalence of metabolic syndrome in patients with ankylosing spondylitis","volume":"26","author":"Malesci","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin Rheumatol."},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.150648","article-title":"Obesity is common in axial spondyloarthritis and is associated with poor clinical outcome","volume":"43","author":"Maas","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Rheumatol."},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2013.00453","article-title":"Serum adipokines and adipose tissue distribution in rheumatoid arthritis and ankylosing spondylitis. a comparative study","volume":"4","author":"Toussirot","year":"2013","journal-title":"Front Immunol."},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2143","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/keu224","article-title":"Cardiovascular risk in rheumatoid arthritis: recent advances in the understanding of the pivotal role of inflammation, risk predictors and the impact of treatment","volume":"53","author":"Choy","year":"2014","journal-title":"Rheumatology."},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9150(78)90041-2","article-title":"Further studies on serum lipoproteins in connective tissue diseases","volume":"3","author":"R\u00f6ssner","year":"1978","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis."},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1199","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780271021","article-title":"High density lipoprotein cholesterol subfractions and apoprotein A-I in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and ankylosing spondylitiss","volume":"27","author":"Joven","year":"1984","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum."},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbspin.2013.03.019","article-title":"Cardiovascular risk profile in patients with spondyloarthritis","volume":"81","author":"Papagoras","year":"2014","journal-title":"Joint Bone Spine."},{"key":"B38","first-page":"292","article-title":"High prevalence of metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular risk factors in men with ankylosing spondylitis on anti-TNFalpha treatment: correlation with disease activity","volume":"27","author":"Papadakis","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin Exp Rheumatol."},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1433","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.111307","article-title":"Prediction of cardiovascular events in patients with ankylosing spondylitis and psoriatic arthritis: role of lipoproteins in a high-risk population","volume":"39","author":"Semb","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Rheumatol."},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1014","DOI":"10.1161\/ATVBAHA.109.198424","article-title":"Rheumatic disease and carotid intima-media thickness: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"30","author":"Tyrrell","year":"2010","journal-title":"Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol."},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2098","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.150316","article-title":"Subclinical atherosclerosis is not accelerated in patients with ankylosing spondylitis with low disease activity: new data and metaanalysis of published studies","volume":"42","author":"Arida","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Rheumatol."},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"492","DOI":"10.1177\/0003319718814309","article-title":"The relationship of ankylosing spondylitis and subclinical atherosclerosis: a systemic review and meta-analysis","volume":"70","author":"Bai","year":"2019","journal-title":"Angiology."},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0b013e3181c10773","article-title":"The high prevalence of subclinical atherosclerosis in patients with ankylosing spondylitis without clinically evident cardiovascular disease","volume":"88","author":"Gonzalez-Juanatey","year":"2009","journal-title":"Medicine."},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"723","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.100668","article-title":"Assessment of subclinical vascular disease associated with ankylosing spondylitis","volume":"38","author":"Bodn\u00e1r","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Rheumatol."},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1173","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(02)08213-2","article-title":"Methotrexate and mortality in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a prospective study","volume":"359","author":"Choi","year":"2002","journal-title":"Lancet."},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"769","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(13)60900-9","article-title":"Vascular and upper gastrointestinal effects of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs: meta-analyses of individual participant data from randomised trials","volume":"382","author":"Bhala","year":"2013","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.7326\/M14-2470","article-title":"Patients with ankylosing spondylitis have increased cardiovascular and cerebrovascular mortality: a population-based study","volume":"163","author":"Haroon","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med."},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1111\/1756-185X.12986","article-title":"Sulfasalazine might reduce risk of cardiovascular diseases in patients with ankylosing spondylitis: a nationwide population-based retrospective cohort study","volume":"20","author":"Tam","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J Rheum Dis."},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"480","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2014-206624","article-title":"The effects of tumour necrosis factor inhibitors, methotrexate, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and corticosteroids on cardiovascular events in rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"74","author":"Roubille","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis."},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.1186\/s13075-017-1439-1","article-title":"Methotrexate and anti-tumor necrosis factor treatment improves endothelial function in patients with inflammatory arthritis","volume":"19","author":"Deyab","year":"2017","journal-title":"Arthritis Res Ther."},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2013-203934","article-title":"Tumour necrosis factor blocking agents and progression of subclinical atherosclerosis in patients with ankylosing spondylitis","volume":"74","author":"van Sijl","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis."},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2069","DOI":"10.1007\/s00296-015-3314-1","article-title":"Carnero- L\u00f3pez B et al","volume":"35","author":"Genre","year":"2015","journal-title":"Anti-TNF-\u03b1 therapy reduces endothelial cell activation in non-diabetic ankylosing spondylitis patients Rheumatol Int"},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1108","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/ket454","article-title":"Can suppression of inflammation by anti-TNF prevent progression of subclinical atherosclerosis in inflammatory arthritis?","volume":"53","author":"Tam","year":"2014","journal-title":"Rheumatology."},{"key":"B54","first-page":"921","article-title":"Effects of infliximab treatment on lipoprotein profile in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and ankylosing spondylitis","volume":"33","author":"Kiortsis","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Rheumatol."},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1324","DOI":"10.1002\/art.24492","article-title":"Improvement of lipid profile is accompanied by atheroprotective alterations in high-density lipoprotein composition upon tumor necrosis factor blockade: a prospective cohort study in ankylosing spondylitis","volume":"60","author":"van Eijk","year":"2009","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum."},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"951","DOI":"10.1007\/s00394-013-0599-2","article-title":"TNF\u03b1 blockade for inflammatory rheumatic diseases is associated with a significant gain in android fat mass and has varying effects on adipokines: a 2-year prospective study","volume":"53","author":"Toussirot","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur J Nutr."},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"984","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2017.07.009","article-title":"Effects of interleukin 17 on the cardiovascular system","volume":"16","author":"Robert","year":"2017","journal-title":"Autoimmun Rev."},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2534","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1505066","article-title":"Secukinumab, an Interleukin-17A Inhibitor, in Ankylosing Spondylitis","volume":"373","author":"Baeten","year":"2015","journal-title":"N Engl J Med."},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2019-216118","article-title":"COAST-V and COAST-W Study Groups. Efficacy and safety of ixekizumab through 52 weeks in two phase 3, randomised, controlled clinical trials in patients with active radiographic axial spondyloarthritis (COAST-V and COAST-W)","volume":"79","author":"Dougados","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis."},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"890","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.14964","article-title":"Impact of biologic therapies on risk of major adverse cardiovascular events in patients with psoriasis: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"176","author":"Rungapiromnan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol."},{"key":"B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2016.03.024","article-title":"Secukinumab long-term safety experience: a pooled analysis of 10 phase II and III clinical studies in patients with moderate to severe plaque psoriasis","volume":"75","author":"van de Kerkhof","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3834","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/keaa189","article-title":"Safety of ixekizumab in adult patients with plaque psoriasis, psoriatic arthritis and axial spondyloarthritis: data from 21 clinical trials","volume":"59","author":"Genovese","year":"2020","journal-title":"Rheumatology."},{"key":"B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1007\/s11926-020-00924-5","article-title":"Treatment of axial spondyloarthritis: what does the future hold?","volume":"22","author":"Poddubnyy","year":"2020","journal-title":"Curr Rheumatol Rep."},{"key":"B64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1048","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2018-214846","article-title":"Impact of Janus kinase inhibitors on risk of cardiovascular events in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials","volume":"78","author":"Xie","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis."},{"key":"B65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1400","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2019-216761","article-title":"Incidence of venous and arterial thromboembolic events reported in the tofacitinib rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis development programmes and from real-world data","volume":"79","author":"Mease","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis."},{"key":"B66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2016-209315","article-title":"Is ankylosing spondylitis a risk factor for cardiovascular disease, and how do these risks compare with those in rheumatoid arthritis?","volume":"72","author":"Eriksson","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis."},{"key":"B67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.115.306656","article-title":"From C-Reactive protein to interleukin-6 to interleukin-1: moving upstream to identify novel targets for atheroprotection","volume":"118","author":"Ridker","year":"2016","journal-title":"Circ Res."},{"key":"B68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1042\/CS20040326","article-title":"Cardiovascular risk parameters in men with ankylosing spondylitis in comparison with non-inflammatory control subjects: relevance of systemic inflammation","volume":"109","author":"Divecha","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clin Sci."},{"key":"B69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"978","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2016-210770","article-title":"2016 update of the ASAS-EULAR management recommendations for axial spondyloarthritis","volume":"76","author":"van der Heijde","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis."},{"key":"B70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2016-209775","article-title":"EULAR recommendations for cardiovascular disease risk management in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and other forms of inflammatory joint disorders: 2015\/2016 update","volume":"76","author":"Agca","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis."},{"key":"B71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e108688","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0108688","article-title":"Efficacy of high intensity exercise on disease activity and cardiovascular risk in active axial spondyloarthritis: a randomized controlled pilot study","volume":"9","author":"Sveaas","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS ONE."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Medicine"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fmed.2021.782150\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,8]],"date-time":"2021-11-08T06:00:15Z","timestamp":1636351215000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fmed.2021.782150\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,8]]},"references-count":71,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fmed.2021.782150"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmed.2021.782150","relation":{},"ISSN":["2296-858X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2296-858X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,8]]},"article-number":"782150"}}