{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,22]],"date-time":"2026-04-22T13:14:09Z","timestamp":1776863649199,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,23]],"date-time":"2021-11-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1637625600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Med."],"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:bold>Purpose:<\/jats:bold> To determine the clinical significance of diffuse uptake of <jats:sup>68<\/jats:sup>Ga-FAPI in the thyroid.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Methods:<\/jats:bold> From January 2020 to September 2021, all subjects with diffuse thyroid uptake in <jats:sup>68<\/jats:sup>Ga-FAPI PET\/CT were investigated in our hospital, and compared with the age and sex matched control group. The <jats:sup>68<\/jats:sup>Ga-FAPI uptake in the thyroid gland was analyzed semi-quantitatively using the maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax), and regression analysis was used to analyze the correlation between available serum thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) and thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPOAb).<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results:<\/jats:bold> Among 815 subjects, 39 subjects were found diffuse FAPI uptake in thyroid gland; 11 subjects refused further examination; a total of 28 subjects were included in the analysis, and 27 subjects were diagnosed with chronic thyroiditis (including 20 subjects with Hashimoto's thyroiditis), 3 subjects with Grave's disease, 3 subjects with only serum TSH elevated, and 1 subject with malignant of thyroid and thyroiditis. The SUVmax of 27 subjects with thyroiditis was 5.75 \u00b1 5.45. No significant correlation was found between the SUVmax and the level of serum TSH (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.389) or TPOAb (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.426).<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusion:<\/jats:bold> The incidentally discovered diffusely increased <jats:sup>68<\/jats:sup>Ga-FAPI uptake in the thyroid gland is mostly related to chronic lymphocytic (Hashimoto's) thyroiditis. <jats:sup>68<\/jats:sup>Ga-FAPI uptake level correlated neither with the degree of hypothyroidism nor with the titer of TPOAb. In addition, immune-related thyroiditis with immune checkpoint inhibitors may be accidentally found on <jats:sup>68<\/jats:sup>Ga-FAPI, which may be helpful in facilitate timely intervention.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2021.782231","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,30]],"date-time":"2021-11-30T12:22:30Z","timestamp":1638274950000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Clinical Significance of Diffusely Increased Uptake of 68Ga-FAPI in Thyroid Gland"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Huipan","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiao","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lin","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lei","family":"Lei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Li","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yue","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"801","DOI":"10.2967\/jnumed.119.227967","article-title":"(68)Ga-FAPI PET\/CT: tracer uptake in 28 different kinds of cancer","volume":"60","author":"Kratochwil","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Nucl Med"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"386","DOI":"10.2967\/jnumed.118.215913","article-title":"(68)Ga-FAPI PET\/CT: biodistribution and preliminary dosimetry estimate of 2 DOTA-containing FAP-targeting agents in patients with various cancers","volume":"60","author":"Giesel","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Nucl Med"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1820","DOI":"10.1007\/s00259-020-04769-z","article-title":"Comparison of [(68)Ga]Ga-DOTA-FAPI-04 and [(18)F] FDG PET\/CT for the diagnosis of primary and metastatic lesions in patients with various types of cancer","volume":"47","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur J Nucl Med"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2967\/jnumed.120.258467.","article-title":"(68)Ga-DOTA-FAPI-04 PET\/MR in the evaluation of gastric carcinomas: comparison with (18)F-FDG PET\/CT","author":"Qin","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Nucl Med"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e219007","DOI":"10.1148\/rycan.2021219007","article-title":"Comparison of (68)Ga-FAPI versus (18)F-FDG PET\/CT for initial cancer staging","volume":"3","author":"Taveira","year":"2021","journal-title":"Radiol Imaging Cancer"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3606","DOI":"10.1007\/s00259-021-05336-w","article-title":"Clinical utility of [(68)Ga]Ga-labeled fibroblast activation protein inhibitor (FAPI) positron emission tomography\/computed tomography for primary staging and recurrence detection in nasopharyngeal carcinoma","volume":"48","author":"Zhao","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3228","DOI":"10.1007\/s00259-021-05255-w","article-title":"A head-to-head comparison of (68)Ga-DOTA-FAPI-04 and (18)F-FDG PET\/MR in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma: a prospective study","volume":"48","author":"Qin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1007\/s12020-021-02605-4","article-title":"(68)Ga-FAPI PET\/CT imaging in a patient with thyroiditis","volume":"73","author":"Zhou","year":"2021","journal-title":"Endocrine"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1007\/s12020-021-02709-x","article-title":"(68)Ga-FAPI PET\/CT imaging in a patient with primary thyroid lymphoma","volume":"73","author":"Yang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Endocrine"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3493","DOI":"10.21203\/rs.3.rs-244050\/v1","article-title":"Value of [(68)Ga]Ga-FAPI-04 imaging in the diagnosis of renal fibrosis","volume":"48","author":"Zhou","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3736","DOI":"10.1007\/s00259-021-05373-5","article-title":"(68)Ga-FAPI-46 and (18)F-FDG PET\/CT in a patient with immune-related thyroiditis induced by immune checkpoint inhibitors","volume":"48","author":"Hotta","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ctrv.2016.02.001","article-title":"Management of toxicities of immune checkpoint inhibitors","volume":"44","author":"Spain","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cancer Treat Rev"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1243","DOI":"10.1089\/thy.2018.0116","article-title":"Immune-related thyroiditis with immune checkpoint inhibitors","volume":"28","author":"Iyer","year":"2018","journal-title":"Thyroid"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1343","DOI":"10.1089\/thy.2016.0229","article-title":"2016 American thyroid association guidelines for diagnosis and management of hyperthyroidism and other causes of thyrotoxicosis","volume":"26","author":"Ross","year":"2016","journal-title":"Thyroid"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"649148","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2021.649148","article-title":"FAPI-04 PET\/CT using [(18)F]AlF labeling strategy: automatic synthesis, quality control, and in vivo assessment in patient","volume":"11","author":"Jiang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Oncol"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1016\/S0046-8177(78)80028-8","article-title":"The pathology of thyroiditis","volume":"9","author":"Volpe","year":"1978","journal-title":"Hum Pathol"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"683","DOI":"10.1097\/RLU.0000000000003637","article-title":"68Ga-FAPI uptake of thyroiditis in a patient with breast cancer","volume":"46","author":"Can","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Nucl Med"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Medicine"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fmed.2021.782231\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,30]],"date-time":"2021-11-30T12:22:32Z","timestamp":1638274952000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fmed.2021.782231\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,23]]},"references-count":17,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fmed.2021.782231"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmed.2021.782231","relation":{},"ISSN":["2296-858X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2296-858X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,23]]},"article-number":"782231"}}