{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,14]],"date-time":"2026-02-14T06:44:21Z","timestamp":1771051461964,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,11]],"date-time":"2022-01-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1641859200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005866","name":"Far Eastern Memorial Hospital","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005866","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Med."],"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:bold>Purpose:<\/jats:bold> To investigate the diagnostic abilities of the perfusion density (PD) and structural thickness parameters in the peripapillary and macular regions measured by optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) and optical coherence tomography (OCT) and to test if their diagnostic abilities of early glaucoma are different between highly myopic (HM) and non-highly myopic (NHM) patients.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Methods:<\/jats:bold> A total of 75 glaucoma patients and 65 controls were included in the analyses. The glaucoma detection abilities of macular PD and peripapillary PD, along with macular ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer (mGCIPL) thickness and peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (pRNFL) thicknesses were compared between the HM and NHM group. Diagnostic ability was assessed by area under the receiver operating characteristics (AUC) curves, adjusted by age, axial length, and signal strength.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results:<\/jats:bold> The diagnostic ability of macular PD and mGCIPL thickness had no significant difference in both HM and NHM groups. However, the diagnostic ability of peripapillary PD except in the temporal section was significantly lower in the HM group than in the NHM group (all <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &amp;lt; 0.05). The diagnostic ability of the superior, nasal, and average pRNFL thickness was also significantly lower in the HM group than in the NHM group (all <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &amp;lt; 0.05).<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusion:<\/jats:bold> This study demonstrated that although peripapillary PD and macular PD were both significantly reduced in patients with highly myopia, the diagnostic ability of peripapillary PD in HM patients was significantly lower than that in NHM patients, while macular PD was not. Macular OCTA along with OCT imaging should be included in the imaging algorithm in early glaucoma diagnosis in highly myopic patients.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2021.793786","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,11]],"date-time":"2022-01-11T04:38:50Z","timestamp":1641875930000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography Compared With Optical Coherence Tomography for Detection of Early Glaucoma With High Myopia"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Pei-Yao","family":"Chang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jiun-Yi","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jia-Kang","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tzu-Lun","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yung-Ray","family":"Hsu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"376","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.06-0426","article-title":"Regional variations in the relationship between macular thickness measurements and myopia","volume":"48","author":"Lam","year":"2007","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"627","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00946938","article-title":"Optic disc morphology in myopic primary open-angle glaucoma","volume":"235","author":"Jonas","year":"1997","journal-title":"Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1106","DOI":"10.18240\/ijo.2017.07.14","article-title":"Diagnostic capability of peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer parameters in time-domain versus spectral-domain optical coherence tomography for assessing glaucoma in high myopia","volume":"10","author":"Teng","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J Ophthalmol."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6472","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.12-10319","article-title":"Retinal nerve fiber layer defects in highly myopic eyes with early glaucoma","volume":"53","author":"Kimura","year":"2012","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6025","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.13-12630","article-title":"The ability of macular parameters and circumpapillary retinal nerve fiber layer by three SD-OCT instruments to diagnose highly myopic glaucoma","volume":"54","author":"Akashi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4910","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.16-19104","article-title":"Comparison of several parameters in two optical coherence tomography systems for detecting glaucomatous defects in high myopia","volume":"57","author":"Zhang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2013.04.028","article-title":"Macular imaging in highly myopic eyes with and without glaucoma","volume":"156","author":"Nakano","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6573","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.15-17635","article-title":"The ability of SD-OCT to differentiate early glaucoma with high myopia from highly myopic controls and nonhighly myopic controls","volume":"56","author":"Akashi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci."},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1097\/IJG.0000000000000655","article-title":"Determinants of peripapillary and macular vessel densities measured by optical coherence tomography angiography in normal eyes","volume":"26","author":"Rao","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Glaucoma."},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.15-18944","article-title":"Optical coherence tomography angiography vessel density in healthy, glaucoma suspect, and glaucoma eyes","volume":"57","author":"Yarmohammadi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1066","DOI":"10.1136\/bjophthalmol-2016-309377","article-title":"Diagnostic ability of peripapillary vessel density measurements of optical coherence tomography angiography in primary open-angle and angle-closure glaucoma","volume":"101","author":"Rao","year":"2017","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol."},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2018.11.012","article-title":"Macula vessel density and thickness in early primary open-angle glaucoma","volume":"199","author":"Hou","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol."},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1458","DOI":"10.1080\/02713683.2017.1337157","article-title":"Glaucoma diagnostic ability of the optical coherence tomography angiography vessel density parameters","volume":"42","author":"Chung","year":"2017","journal-title":"Curr Eye Res."},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3027","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-60051-0","article-title":"Diagnostic ability of vessel density measured by spectral-domain optical coherence tomography angiography for glaucoma in patients with high myopia","volume":"10","author":"Lee","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci Rep."},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1827","DOI":"10.1136\/bjophthalmol-2018-313019","article-title":"Relationship between vessel density and visual field sensitivity in glaucomatous eyes with high myopia","volume":"103","author":"Shin","year":"2018","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol."},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1420","DOI":"10.1136\/bjophthalmol-2011-301021","article-title":"Glaucoma discrimination of segmented cirrus spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) macular scans","volume":"96","author":"Kotowski","year":"2012","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol."},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1159\/000442773","article-title":"ZEISS Angioplex spectral domain optical coherence tomography angiography: technical aspects","volume":"56","author":"Rosenfeld","year":"2016","journal-title":"Dev Ophthalmol."},{"key":"B18","article-title":"Comparison and covariate adjustment of ROC curves","volume-title":"Anayzing Receiver Operating Characteristics Curves with SAS","author":"M","year":"2007"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2016.10.018","article-title":"Retinal microvascular network and microcirculation assessments in high myopia","volume":"174","author":"Li","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol."},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaophthalmol.2018.0776","article-title":"Association of myopia with peripapillary perfused capillary density in patients with glaucoma: an optical coherence tomography angiography study","volume":"136","author":"Suwan","year":"2018","journal-title":"JAMA Ophthalmol."},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2016.06.009","article-title":"Microvascular density in glaucomatous eyes with hemifield visual field defects: an optical coherence tomography angiography study","volume":"168","author":"Akagi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol."},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"807","DOI":"10.1136\/bjophthalmol-2019-314430","article-title":"Comparison of vascular-function and structure-function correlations in glaucomatous eyes with high myopia","volume":"104","author":"Lee","year":"2020","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol."},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4075","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.09-4737","article-title":"Effect of myopia on the thickness of the retinal nerve fiber layer measured by Cirrus HD optical coherence tomography","volume":"51","author":"Kang","year":"2010","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci."},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e010791","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2015-010791","article-title":"Is the peripapillary retinal perfusion related to myopia in healthy eyes? A prospective comparative study","volume":"6","author":"Wang","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMJ Open."},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0173930","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0173930","article-title":"A comparison of the diagnostic ability of vessel density and structural measurements of optical coherence tomography in primary open angle glaucoma","volume":"12","author":"Rao","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS ONE."},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1167\/tvst.4.5.7","article-title":"Effect of signal intensity on measurement of ganglion cell complex and retinal nerve fiber layer scans in fourier-domain optical coherence tomography","volume":"4","author":"Zhang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Transl Vis Sci Technol."},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2020.08.031","article-title":"Discrepancy in loss of macular perfusion density and ganglion cell layer thickness in early glaucoma","volume":"221","author":"Hirasawa","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Medicine"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fmed.2021.793786\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,11]],"date-time":"2022-01-11T04:38:53Z","timestamp":1641875933000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fmed.2021.793786\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,11]]},"references-count":27,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fmed.2021.793786"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmed.2021.793786","relation":{},"ISSN":["2296-858X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2296-858X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,11]]},"article-number":"793786"}}