{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,14]],"date-time":"2026-01-14T19:29:57Z","timestamp":1768418997373,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,14]],"date-time":"2021-12-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1639440000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Med."],"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:bold>Background and Objective:<\/jats:bold> Infection by the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been associated with different types of thrombotic complications same as portal vein thrombosis (PVT). However, by emerging vaccines of COVID, the thrombosis did not seem to be concerning anymore. Until new findings showed that, the vaccine of COVID itself can cause PVT.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Method:<\/jats:bold> We performed an electronic search in PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Sciences to evaluate the possibility of occurring PVT due to infection and vaccination of COVID-19. The results were reported in a narrative method and categorized into tables.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Result:<\/jats:bold> Overall, 40 cases of PVT from 34 studies were reviewed in this article. The prevalence of PVT following COVID-19 was more remarkable in males. However, it was more common in females after vaccinations of COVID-19 in the reviewed cases. Regardless of etiology, 20 of PVT cases reviewed in this article had at least one comorbidity. The most common clinical presentation was abdominal pain (AP). After anticoagulant therapies, most of the patients improved or discharged.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusion:<\/jats:bold> As long as the laboratory findings are not appropriate enough to predict PVT, the diagnosis of this complication with whatever underlying reason is challengeable, while rapid diagnosis and treatment of that are vital. Therefore, by providing available data in an organized way, we aimed to prepare the information of infected patients for better and easier future diagnosis of PVT in new cases.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2021.794599","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,14]],"date-time":"2021-12-14T08:23:20Z","timestamp":1639470200000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Portal Vein Thrombosis Might Develop by COVID-19 Infection or Vaccination: A Systematic Review of Case-Report Studies"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Setare","family":"Kheyrandish","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Amirhossein","family":"Rastgar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Morteza","family":"Arab-Zozani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gholamreza Anani","family":"Sarab","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1007\/s12098-020-03263-6","article-title":"A review of coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19)","volume":"87","author":"Singhal","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ind J Pediatr."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2110","DOI":"10.1111\/liv.14601","article-title":"Liver histopathology in severe COVID 19 respiratory failure is suggestive of vascular alterations","volume":"40","author":"Sonzogni","year":"2020","journal-title":"Liver Int."},{"key":"B3","unstructured":"COVID-19 Coronavirus Pandemic2021"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"173375","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2020.173375","article-title":"Virology, pathogenesis, diagnosis and in-line treatment of COVID-19","volume":"883","author":"Samudrala","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur J Pharmacol."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"771","DOI":"10.1007\/s13238-020-00718-6","article-title":"Recapitulation of SARS-CoV-2 infection and cholangiocyte damage with human liver ductal organoids","volume":"11","author":"Zhao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Protein Cell."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3985","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm10173985","article-title":"Interstitial lung disease at high resolution CT after SARS-CoV-2-related acute respiratory distress syndrome according to pulmonary segmental anatomy","volume":"10","author":"Baratella","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Clin Med."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"612","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.25735","article-title":"Clinical characteristics of hospitalized patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection: a single arm meta-analysis","volume":"92","author":"Sun","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Med Virol."},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e438","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-3026(20)30145-9","article-title":"Coagulation abnormalities and thrombosis in patients with COVID-19","volume":"7","author":"Levi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Haematol."},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1016\/j.thromres.2018.12.019","article-title":"Natural history and clinical outcomes in patients with portal vein thrombosis by etiology: a retrospective cohort study","volume":"174","author":"Acuna-Villaorduna","year":"2019","journal-title":"Thromb Res."},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"366","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.31646","article-title":"Vascular liver disorders, portal vein thrombosis, and procedural bleeding in patients with liver disease: 2020 Practice Guidance by the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases","volume":"73","author":"Northup","year":"2021","journal-title":"Hepatology."},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8832638","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/8832638","article-title":"Clostridium difficile and COVID-19: novel risk factors for acute portal vein thrombosis","volume":"2021","author":"Rokkam","year":"2021","journal-title":"Case Rep Vasc Med"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2009.05.023","article-title":"Portal vein thrombosis","volume":"123","author":"Parikh","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Med."},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1016\/j.thromres.2020.05.039","article-title":"Thrombosis risk associated with COVID-19 infection. 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