{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,26]],"date-time":"2026-02-26T21:48:31Z","timestamp":1772142511284,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,31]],"date-time":"2022-01-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1643587200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004921","name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004921","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100011470","name":"Shanghai Minhang Science and Technology Commission","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100011470","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Med."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study explores the emerging trends and hot topics concerning applications on electrical impedance tomography (EIT) in clinical lung monitoring.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Publications on EIT applications in clinical lung monitoring in 2001\u20132021 were extracted from the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC). The search strategy was \u201celectrical impedance tomography\u201d and \u201clung.\u201d CiteSpace, a VOS viewer was used to study the citation characteristics, cooperation, and keyword co-occurrence. Moreover, co-cited reference clustering, structural variation analysis (SVA), and future research trends were presented.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Six hundred and thirty-six publications were included for the final analysis. The global annual publications on clinical lung monitoring gradually increased in the last two decades. Germany contributes 32.2% of total global publications. University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein (84 publications, cited frequency 2,205), <jats:italic>Physiological Measurement<\/jats:italic> (105 publications, cited frequency 2,056), and In\u00e9z Frerichs (116 articles, cited frequency 3,609) were the institution, journal, and author with the largest number of article citations in the research field. \u201cElectrical impedance tomography\u201d (occurrences, 304), \u201cmechanical ventilation\u201d (occurrences, 99), and \u201cacute respiratory distress syndrome\u201d (occurrences, 67) were the top most three frequent keywords, \u201cnoninvasive monitoring\u201d (Avg, pub, year: 2008.17), and \u201cextracorporeal membrane oxygenation\u201d (Avg, pub, year: 2019.60) were the earliest and latest keywords. The keywords \u201celectrical impedance tomography\u201d (strength 7.88) and co-cited reference \u201cFrerichs I, 2017, THORAX\u201d (strength 47.45) had the highest burst value. \u201cDriving pressure,\u201d \u201crespiratory failure,\u201d and \u201ctitration\u201d are the three keywords still maintaining a high brush value until now. The largest and smallest cluster of the co-cited references are \u201cobstructive lung diseases\u201d (#0, size: 97) and \u201clung perfusion\u201d (#20, size: 5). Co-cited reference \u201cFrerichs I, 2017, THORAX\u201d (modularity change rate: 98.49) has the highest structural variability. Categories with most and least interdisciplinary crossing are \u201cENGINEERING\u201d and \u201cCRITICAL CARE MEDICINE.\u201d<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>EIT is a valuable technology for clinical lung monitoring, gradually converting from imaging techniques to the clinic. Research hot spots may continue monitoring techniques, the ventilation distribution of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), and respiratory therapy strategies. More diversified lung function monitoring studies, such as lung perfusion and interdisciplinary crossing, are potentially emerging research trends.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2021.813640","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,31]],"date-time":"2022-01-31T07:21:31Z","timestamp":1643613691000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Emerging Trends and Hot Spots of Electrical Impedance Tomography Applications in Clinical Lung Monitoring"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Zhe","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shaojie","family":"Qin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chen","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shuya","family":"Mei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yulong","family":"Yao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhanqi","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wen","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yuxiao","family":"Deng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yuan","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"04TR01","DOI":"10.1088\/1361-6579\/ab81df","article-title":"Thoracic electrical impedance tomography in Chinese hospitals: a review of clinical research and daily applications","volume":"41","author":"Zhao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Physiol Meas."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-6576.2010.02331.x","article-title":"A new non-radiological method to assess potential lung recruitability: a pilot study in ALI patients","volume":"55","author":"Lowhagen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Acta Anaesthesiol Scand."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.1097\/MCC.0b013e328136c1e2","article-title":"Electrical impedance tomography guided ventilation therapy","volume":"13","author":"Putensen","year":"2007","journal-title":"Curr Opin Crit Care."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-002-1586-x","article-title":"Estimation of regional lung volume changes by electrical impedance pressures tomography during a pressure-volume maneuver","volume":"29","author":"van Genderingen","year":"2003","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e3820","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000003820","article-title":"Assessment of lung recruitment by electrical impedance tomography and oxygenation in ARDS patients","volume":"95","author":"Yun","year":"2016","journal-title":"Medicine."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1186\/s13613-019-0484-0","article-title":"Positive end-expiratory pressure titration with electrical impedance tomography and pressure-volume curve in severe acute respiratory distress syndrome","volume":"9","author":"Zhao","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ann Intensive Care."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1186\/1741-7015-11-66","article-title":"A bibliometric analysis of childhood immunization research productivity in Africa since the onset of the Expanded Program on Immunization in 1974","volume":"11","author":"Wiysonge","year":"2013","journal-title":"BMC Med."},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"666669","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2021.666669","article-title":"A systematic review and bibliometric analysis of the scientific literature on the early phase of COVID-19 in Italy","volume":"9","author":"Turatto","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Public Health."},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"688","DOI":"10.1186\/s12913-020-05544-4","article-title":"Scoping review and bibliometric analysis of Big Data applications for Medication adherence: an explorative methodological study to enhance consistency in literature","volume":"20","author":"Pirri","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMC Health Serv Res."},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"951","DOI":"10.2147\/JPR.S132808","article-title":"Study of acupuncture for low back pain in recent 20 years: a bibliometric analysis via CiteSpace","volume":"10","author":"Liang","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Pain Res."},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"791","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200301-133OC","article-title":"Imbalances in regional lung ventilation: a validation study on electrical impedance tomography","volume":"169","author":"Victorino","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med."},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1136\/thoraxjnl-2016-208357","article-title":"Chest electrical impedance tomography examination, data analysis, terminology, clinical use and recommendations: consensus statement of the TRanslational EIT developmeNt stuDy group","volume":"72","author":"Frerichs","year":"2017","journal-title":"Thorax."},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"660","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00081.2002","article-title":"Detection of local lung air content by electrical impedance tomography compared with electron beam CT","volume":"93","author":"Frerichs","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol."},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S35","DOI":"10.1088\/0967-3334\/30\/6\/S03","article-title":"GREIT: a unified approach to 2D linear EIT reconstruction of lung images","volume":"30","author":"Adler","year":"2009","journal-title":"Physiol Meas"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1900","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-009-1589-y","article-title":"Evaluation of an electrical impedance tomography-based Global Inhomogeneity Index for pulmonary ventilation distribution","volume":"35","author":"Zhao","year":"2009","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med."},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"543","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-007-0786-9","article-title":"Assessment of regional lung recruitment and derecruitment during a PEEP trial based on electrical impedance tomography","volume":"34","author":"Meier","year":"2008","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med."},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"R1","DOI":"10.1088\/0967-3334\/21\/2\/201","article-title":"Electrical impedance tomography (EIT) in applications related to lung and ventilation: review of experimental and clinical activities","volume":"21","author":"Frerichs","year":"2000","journal-title":"Physiol Meas"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.124.1.314","article-title":"Regional ventilation by electrical impedance tomography: a comparison with ventilation scintigraphy in pigs","volume":"124","author":"Hinz","year":"2003","journal-title":"Chest."},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1301","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200005043421801","article-title":"Ventilation with lower tidal volumes as compared with traditional tidal volumes for acute lung injury and the acute respiratory distress syndrome","volume":"342","author":"Brower","year":"2000","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"772","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200512-1942OC","article-title":"Lung volume recruitment after surfactant administration modifies spatial distribution of ventilation","volume":"174","author":"Frerichs","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med."},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1097\/MCC.0b013e3283220e8c","article-title":"Electrical impedance tomography","volume":"15","author":"Costa","year":"2009","journal-title":"Curr Opin Crit Care."},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"747","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMsa1410639","article-title":"Driving pressure and survival in the acute respiratory distress syndrome","volume":"372","author":"Amato","year":"2015","journal-title":"N Engl J Med."},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"788","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2016.0291","article-title":"Epidemiology, patterns of care, and mortality for patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome in intensive care units in 50 countries","volume":"315","author":"Bellani","year":"2016","journal-title":"JAMA."},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-017-1931-7","article-title":"Variation of poorly ventilated lung units (silent spaces) measured by electrical impedance tomography to dynamically assess recruitment","volume":"22","author":"Spadaro","year":"2018","journal-title":"Crit Care."},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"679","DOI":"10.1088\/0967-3334\/33\/5\/679","article-title":"Whither lung EIT: where are we, where do we want to go and what do we need to get there?","volume":"33","author":"Adler","year":"2012","journal-title":"Physiol Meas."},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1917","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-012-2684-z","article-title":"Electrical impedance tomography: the holy grail of ventilation and perfusion monitoring?","volume":"38","author":"Leonhardt","year":"2012","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med."},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"540","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-020-03242-5","article-title":"Positive end-expiratory pressure titration in COVID-19 acute respiratory failure: electrical impedance tomography vs. PEEP\/FiO2 tables","volume":"24","author":"Sella","year":"2020","journal-title":"Crit Care."},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"678","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-020-03414-3","article-title":"Electrical impedance tomography to titrate positive end-expiratory pressure in COVID-19 acute respiratory distress syndrome","volume":"24","author":"Perier","year":"2020","journal-title":"Crit Care."},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1186\/s12871-019-0814-7","article-title":"Electrical impedance tomography in perioperative medicine: careful respiratory monitoring for tailored interventions","volume":"19","author":"Spinelli","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMC Anesthesiol"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e8145","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.8145","article-title":"Mapping theme trends and recognizing hot spots in postmenopausal osteoporosis research: a bibliometric analysis","volume":"7","author":"Zhou","year":"2019","journal-title":"PeerJ."},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.3163\/1536-5050.103.4.013","article-title":"Bibliometrics basics","volume":"103","author":"Cooper","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Med Libr Assoc."},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1238","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2007.06.050","article-title":"A bibliometric evaluation of publications in urological journals among European Union countries between 2000\u20132005","volume":"52","author":"Oelrich","year":"2007","journal-title":"Eur Urol."},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S115","DOI":"10.1088\/0967-3334\/27\/5\/S10","article-title":"Comparison of different methods to define regions of interest for evaluation of regional lung ventilation by EIT","volume":"27","author":"Pulletz","year":"2006","journal-title":"Physiol Meas."},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"R8","DOI":"10.1186\/cc8860","article-title":"PEEP titration guided by ventilation homogeneity: a feasibility study using electrical impedance tomography","volume":"14","author":"Zhao","year":"2010","journal-title":"Crit Care."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Medicine"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fmed.2021.813640\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,31]],"date-time":"2022-01-31T07:21:34Z","timestamp":1643613694000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fmed.2021.813640\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,31]]},"references-count":34,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fmed.2021.813640"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmed.2021.813640","relation":{},"ISSN":["2296-858X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2296-858X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,31]]},"article-number":"813640"}}