{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,30]],"date-time":"2025-12-30T11:09:20Z","timestamp":1767092960131,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,10]],"date-time":"2022-10-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1665360000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Med."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Cutaneous polyarteritis nodosa (cPAN) was first reported by Lindberg in 1931. It has been recognized as a skin-limited vasculitis whose cutaneous histopathological features are indistinguishable from those of PAN. Cutaneous arteritis (CA) was defined as a form of single-organ vasculitis in the revised Chapel Hill Classification and was recognized as the same disease as cPAN. It became known that deficiency of adenosine deaminase 2 (DADA2) cases were included in cases that had been diagnosed with CA. Because of their similarity and differences in the treatment methods, DADA2 should be considered in CA cases, especially if they are diagnosed or developed in early childhood. Cutaneous arteritis may be classified as an immune complex-mediated vasculitis. It was reported that the pathogenesis of anti-lysosomal-associated membrane protein-2 (LAMP-2) antibodies and anti-phosphatidylserine-prothrombin complex (PS\/PT) antibodies as good parameters in CA. The main skin manifestations include livedo racemosa, subcutaneous nodules, and ulcers. Although CA is recognized to have a benign clinical course, it has become known that it is easy to relapse. The existence of skin ulcers upon diagnosis or sensory neuropathies was suggested to be a predictor of poor prognosis. Cutaneous arteritis with them may need to be treated with more intensive therapies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2022.1022512","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,10]],"date-time":"2022-10-10T05:41:07Z","timestamp":1665380467000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Recent topics related to etiology and clinical manifestations of cutaneous arteritis"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Takaharu","family":"Ikeda","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","first-page":"484","volume":"1","author":"Kussmaul","year":"1866","journal-title":"Dtsch Arch Klin Med"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"606","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.285.6342.606","article-title":"Segmental necrotising glomerulonephritis with antineutrophil antibody: possible arbovirus aetiology?","volume":"285","author":"Davies","year":"1982","journal-title":"Br Med J."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(85)91147-X","article-title":"Autoantibodies against neutrophils and monocytes: tool for diagnosis and marker of disease activity in Wegener'S granulomatosis","volume":"325","author":"Van Der Woude","year":"1985","journal-title":"Lancet."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1002\/art.37715","article-title":"2012 Revised International Chapel Hill consensus conference nomenclature of vasculitides","volume":"65","author":"Jennette","year":"2013","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0954-6820.1931.tb18345.x","article-title":"Ein beitrag zur kenntnis der periarteriitis nodosa","volume":"76","author":"Lindberg","year":"1931","journal-title":"Acta Med Scand"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1346-8138.1989.tb01582.x","article-title":"Cutaneous polyarteritis nodosa: a clinical and histopathological study of 20 cases","volume":"16","author":"Chen","year":"1989","journal-title":"J Dermatol."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"884","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.23007","article-title":"clinical spectrum of medium-sized vessel vasculitis","volume":"69","author":"Alibaz-Oner","year":"2017","journal-title":"Arthritis Care Res."},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1007\/s00403-008-0898-2","article-title":"Cutaneous polyarteritis nodosa: revisiting its definition and diagnostic criteria","volume":"301","author":"Nakamura","year":"2009","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol Res."},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1002\/art.20077","article-title":"Prevalences of polyarteritis nodosa, microscopic polyangiitis, Wegener's granulomatosis, and Churg-Strauss syndrome in a french urban multiethnic population in 2000: a capture-recapture estimate","volume":"51","author":"Mahr","year":"2004","journal-title":"Arthritis Care Res."},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"706","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.1997.tb03656.x","article-title":"Cutaneous periarteritis nodosa: a clinicopathological study of 79 cases","volume":"136","author":"Daoud","year":"1997","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol."},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"955","DOI":"10.1111\/1346-8138.12303","article-title":"Treatment for cutaneous arteritis patients with mononeuritis multiplex and elevated C-reactive protein","volume":"40","author":"Kawakami","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Dermatol."},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"558","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2016.02.010","article-title":"Epidemiological, clinical and laboratory profiles of cutaneous polyarteritis nodosa patients: report of 22 cases and literature review","volume":"15","author":"Criado","year":"2016","journal-title":"Autoimmun Rev."},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"534","DOI":"10.1111\/1346-8138.15273","article-title":"Survey of Japanese dermatological vasculitis specialists on cases of cutaneous arteritis (cutaneous polyarteritis nodosa)","volume":"47","author":"Ikeda","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Dermatol."},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1250","DOI":"10.1111\/ddg.14271","article-title":"Manifestations, clinical course and prognostic markers in cutaneous polyarteritis nodosa","volume":"18","author":"Munera-Campos","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Ger Soc Dermatol."},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1035","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2021.06.872","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of treatments in cutaneous polyarteritis nodosa: a French observational retrospective study","volume":"86","author":"Bettuzzi","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol."},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1664","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2019.12.908","article-title":"Genotype and functional correlates of disease phenotype in deficiency of adenosine deaminase 2 (DADA2)","volume":"145","author":"Lee","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol."},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"921","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1307362","article-title":"Mutant adenosine deaminase 2 in a polyarteritis nodosa vasculopathy","volume":"370","author":"Navon Elkan","year":"2014","journal-title":"N Engl J Med."},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"911","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1307361","article-title":"Early-onset stroke and vasculopathy associated with mutations in ADA2","volume":"370","author":"Zhou","year":"2014","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1747","DOI":"10.1002\/art.40913","article-title":"Identification of novel adenosine deaminase 2 gene variants and varied clinical phenotype in pediatric vasculitis","volume":"71","author":"Gibson","year":"2019","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheumatol."},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"512","DOI":"10.1002\/art.41549","article-title":"Sequence-based screening of patients with idiopathic polyarteritis nodosa, granulomatosis with polyangiitis, and microscopic polyangiitis for deleterious genetic variants in ADA2","volume":"73","author":"Schnappauf","year":"2021","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheumatol."},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"811473","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.811473","article-title":"The spectrum of the deficiency of adenosine deaminase 2: an observational analysis of a 60 patient cohort","volume":"12","author":"Barron","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Immunol."},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1230","DOI":"10.1001\/jamadermatol.2015.1635","article-title":"Dermatologic features of ADA2 deficiency in cutaneous polyarteritis nodosa","volume":"151","author":"Santiago","year":"2015","journal-title":"JAMA Dermatol."},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1189\/jlb.1109764","article-title":"Human adenosine deaminase 2 induces differentiation of monocytes into macrophages and stimulates proliferation of T helper cells and macrophages","volume":"88","author":"Zavialov","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Leukoc Biol."},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.2018892752","article-title":"Deficiency of adenosine deaminase 2 triggers adenosine-mediated NETosis and TNF production in patients with DADA2","volume":"134","author":"Carmona-Rivera","year":"2019","journal-title":"Blood."},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1582","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMc1801927","article-title":"Treatment strategies for deficiency of adenosine deaminase 2","volume":"380","author":"Ombrello","year":"2019","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4373","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/keaa837","article-title":"Anti-tumour necrosis factor treatment for the prevention of ischaemic events in patients with deficiency of adenosine deaminase 2 (DADA2)","volume":"60","author":"Cooray","year":"2021","journal-title":"Rheumatol."},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1061","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.24633","article-title":"2021 American College of Rheumatology\/Vasculitis Foundation guideline for the management of polyarteritis nodosa","volume":"73","author":"Chung","year":"2021","journal-title":"Arthritis Care Res."},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.116.1.56","article-title":"Cutaneous periarteritis nodosa: immunofluorescence studies","volume":"116","author":"Diaz-Perez","year":"1980","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol."},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0b013e3182115508","article-title":"Correlation of livedo racemosa, cutaneous inflammatory plaques, and antiphospholipid antibodies in patients with cutaneous polyarteritis nodosa","volume":"90","author":"Kawakami","year":"2011","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)."},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.2340\/00015555-1418","article-title":"Serum anti-lysosomal-associated membrane protein-2 antibody levels in cutaneous polyarteritis nodosa","volume":"93","author":"Kawakami","year":"2013","journal-title":"Acta Derm Venereol."},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1592","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/ket159","article-title":"Lysosomal-associated membrane protein-2 plays an important role in the pathogenesis of primary cutaneous vasculitis","volume":"52","author":"Takeuchi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Rheumatol (United Kingdom)."},{"key":"B32","first-page":"79","article-title":"Serum lysosomal-associated membrane protein-2 levels are increased in small and medium-vessel vasculitis, especially in polyarteritis nodosa","volume":"37","author":"Li","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin Exp Rheumatol."},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1507","DOI":"10.1002\/art.23081","article-title":"High titer of anti-phosphatidylserine-prothrombin complex antibodies in patients with cutaneous polyarteritis nodosa","volume":"57","author":"Kawakami","year":"2007","journal-title":"Arthritis Care Res."},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1111\/1346-8138.13491","article-title":"Presence of anti-phosphatidylserine\u2013prothrombin complex antibodies and anti-moesin antibodies in patients with polyarteritis nodosa","volume":"44","author":"Okano","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Dermatol."},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.1016\/j.reumae.2020.05.005","article-title":"Anti-phosphatidylserine\/prothrombin antibodies in patients with polyarteritis nodosa","volume":"17","author":"S\u00e1nchez-Cub\u00edas","year":"2021","journal-title":"Reumatol Clin."},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"703","DOI":"10.1111\/1346-8138.15810","article-title":"Anti-phosphatidylserine\/prothrombin complex antibodies in patients with cutaneous vasculitis: possible involvement in the pathogenesis","volume":"48","author":"Kawakami","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Dermatol."},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1177\/1534734619896938","article-title":"Livedo racemosa: clinical, laboratory, and histopathological findings in 33 patients","volume":"20","author":"Pinceli","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Low Extrem Wounds."},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.1080\/03009742.2018.1551965","article-title":"Four distinct clinical phenotypes of vasculitis affecting medium-sized arteries","volume":"48","author":"Shirai","year":"2019","journal-title":"Scand J Rheumatol."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Medicine"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fmed.2022.1022512\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,10]],"date-time":"2022-10-10T05:41:12Z","timestamp":1665380472000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fmed.2022.1022512\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,10]]},"references-count":38,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fmed.2022.1022512"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmed.2022.1022512","relation":{},"ISSN":["2296-858X"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2296-858X"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,10]]},"article-number":"1022512"}}