{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]],"date-time":"2025-07-30T16:05:45Z","timestamp":1753891545846,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":7,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,28]],"date-time":"2022-10-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1666915200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Med."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Non-pigmenting fixed drug eruption (NPFDE) is a subtype of fixed drug eruption (FDE) in which repeated eruptions occur at the same site. Clinically, NPFDE disappears without pigmentation changes; however, it sometimes causes fever or arthralgia. Its histopathological characteristics reportedly include infiltrations of CD8-positive T cells with a paucity of melanocytes as compared to FDE. We present the first case of severe NPFDE exhibiting general symptoms caused by chondroitin sulfate sodium. The patient was a 44-year-old man. Intravenous injection of chondroitin sulfate sodium caused erythema in the affected area. A histopathological examination of the biopsy tissue revealed infiltration of CD3-positive lymphocytes (both CD4-positive and CD8-positive lymphocytes) into the epidermis, minimal liquefaction degeneration in the basal layer of the epidermis, and few dermal melanophages, which may be responsible for non-pigmentation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2022.1041492","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,28]],"date-time":"2022-10-28T08:44:16Z","timestamp":1666946656000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Case report: Severe non-pigmenting fixed drug eruption showing general symptoms caused by chondroitin sulfate sodium"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Haruhiko","family":"Otsuka","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Takeshi","family":"Fukumoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Masahiro","family":"Oka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chikako","family":"Nishigori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1111\/cod.12754","article-title":"Non-pigmenting fixed drug eruption with mixed features of acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis induced by pseudoephedrine: a case report.","volume":"77","author":"Fukuda","year":"2017","journal-title":"Contact Dermatitis."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2230.2009.03622.x","article-title":"Nonpigmenting fixed drug eruption as a possible abortive variant of toxic epidermal necrolysis: immunohistochemical and serum cytokine analyses.","volume":"35","author":"Mizukawa","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin Exp Dermatol."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1007\/s12016-014-8421-3","article-title":"Crucial role of viral reactivation in the development of severe drug eruptions: a comprehensive review.","volume":"49","author":"Shiohara","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin Rev Allergy Immunol."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0536.2011.01946.x","article-title":"Patch testing in fixed drug eruptions\u2013a 20-year review.","volume":"65","author":"Andrade","year":"2011","journal-title":"Contact Dermatitis."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"679","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2020.06.010","article-title":"Fixed drug eruptions, bullous drug eruptions, and lichenoid drug eruptions.","volume":"38","author":"Cheraghlou","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Dermatol."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"548","DOI":"10.1007\/s12016-022-08924-2","article-title":"The role of patch testing in evaluating delayed hypersensitivity reactions to medications.","volume":"62","author":"Woodruff","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin Rev Allergy Immunol."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1209","DOI":"10.1007\/s00253-010-2677-1","article-title":"Production of chondroitin sulfate and chondroitin.","volume":"87","author":"Schiraldi","year":"2010","journal-title":"Appl Microbiol Biotechnol."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Medicine"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fmed.2022.1041492\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,28]],"date-time":"2022-10-28T08:44:25Z","timestamp":1666946665000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fmed.2022.1041492\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,28]]},"references-count":7,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fmed.2022.1041492"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmed.2022.1041492","relation":{},"ISSN":["2296-858X"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2296-858X"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,28]]},"article-number":"1041492"}}