{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]],"date-time":"2025-07-30T16:01:05Z","timestamp":1753891265282,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,12]],"date-time":"2022-12-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1670803200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Med."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>COVID-19 may present different degrees of severity. Viral infections in patients with rheumatic inflammatory diseases (R-IMID) trend to present more severe disease. However, data comparing the severity of the disease between R-IMID and the general population are scarce.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>To compare predisposing factors, clinical, serological features, and severity of COVID-19 infection in patients with and without R-IMID.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Case-control study in a single University Hospital. We included all consecutive patients with a diagnosis of an R-IMID and COVID-19 infection up to March 31st, 2021. This cohort was compared to patients without R-IMID and not receiving immunosuppressive therapy, matched for sex and age (\u00b15 years). Confirmed infection was defined if a patient had a positive nasopharyngeal swab for SARS-CoV-2. Severity was divided into mild, moderate, severe and critical according to the United States National Institute of Health (NIH) guidelines.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>We included 274 R-IMID patients (185 women\/89 men), mean age 59.1 \u00b1 18 years. More frequent R-IMID were: Rheumatoid arthritis (28.8%), Psoriatic Arthritis (20.1%), axial Spondyloarthritis (12.4%), Polymyalgia Rheumatica (8%) and Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (8%). Hypertension and dyslipidemia were more frequent in patients with R-IMID. Although most of the cases were mild, critical cases and deaths were more frequent in R-IMID. When adjusted by comorbidities, no statistical differences were observed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>R-IMID have a very similar clinical presentation when compared to the general population. There is a trend to an increased severity of the disease in patients with R-IMID.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2022.1056374","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,12]],"date-time":"2022-12-12T04:38:18Z","timestamp":1670819898000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Coronavirus disease 2019 in patients with rheumatic immune-mediated diseases in a single University Hospital, matched case-control study and literature review"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"David","family":"Mart\u00ednez-L\u00f3pez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ivan","family":"Ferraz-Amaro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Diana","family":"Prieto-Pe\u00f1a","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lara","family":"S\u00e1nchez-Bilbao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alba","family":"Herrero-Morant","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carmen","family":"\u00c1lvarez-Reguera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fabricio","family":"Benavides-Villanueva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cristina","family":"Corrales-Selaya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mart\u00edn","family":"Trigueros-V\u00e1zquez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Miguel \u00c1ngel","family":"Gonz\u00e1lez-Gay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ricardo","family":"Blanco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30183-5","article-title":"Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China.","volume":"395","author":"Huang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet."},{"journal-title":"WHO coronavirus (COVID19) dashboard.","year":"2021","key":"B2"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"639","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2020.03.019","article-title":"Coronavirus disease 2019 in elderly patients: characteristics and prognostic factors based on 4week followup.","volume":"80","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Infect."},{"key":"B4","article-title":"[Immunosupression and viral infections in rheumatic diseases].","volume":"54","author":"Vince","year":"2007","journal-title":"Reumatizam."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2015.08.004","article-title":"Infection risk and safety of corticosteroid use.","volume":"42","author":"Youssef","year":"2016","journal-title":"Rheum Dis Clin North Am."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2016.09.005","article-title":"Opportunistic infections in biological therapy, risk and prevention.","volume":"43","author":"Bryant","year":"2017","journal-title":"Rheum Dis Clin North Am."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.55563\/clinexprheumatol\/lekp1y","article-title":"SARSCoV2 infection in patients with systemic autoimmune diseases.","volume":"39","author":"BritoZer\u00f3n","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Exp Rheumatol."},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis2020218296","article-title":"Clinical outcomes of hospitalised patients with COVID19 and chronic inflammatory and autoimmune rheumatic diseases: a multicentric matched cohort study.","volume":"79","author":"Pablos","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis."},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.200755","article-title":"Risk of severe COVID19 infection in patients with inflammatory rheumatic diseases.","volume":"15","author":"BachillerCorral","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Rheumatol."},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2020.05.010","article-title":"COVID19 in rheumatic disease patients on immunosuppressive agents.","volume":"50","author":"Sharmeen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Semin Arthritis Rheum."},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMc2009567","article-title":"Covid19 in immunemediated inflammatory diseases\u2014case series from New York.","volume":"383","author":"Haberman","year":"2020","journal-title":"N Engl J Med."},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbspin.2020.105095","article-title":"COVID19 in French patients with chronic inflammatory rheumatic diseases: clinical features, risk factors and treatment adherence.","volume":"88","author":"Costantino","year":"2021","journal-title":"Joint Bone Spine."},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2020.07.012","article-title":"Incidence and clinical course of COVID19 in patients with rheumatologic diseases: a populationbased study.","volume":"50","author":"So","year":"2020","journal-title":"Semin Arthritis Rheum."},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis2020218054","article-title":"Clinical course, severity and mortality in a cohort of patients with COVID19 with rheumatic diseases.","volume":"79","author":"Nu\u00f1o","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis."},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2021.102778","article-title":"Clinical outcomes of COVID19 in patients with rheumatic diseases: a systematic review and metaanalysis of global data.","volume":"20","author":"Xu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Autoimmun Rev."},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.20411\/pai.v6i1.435","article-title":"COVID19 outcomes in patients undergoing B cell depletion therapy and those with humoral immunodeficiency states: a scoping review.","volume":"6","author":"Jones","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pathog Immun."},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s0029602004699x","article-title":"High rates of severe disease and death due to SARSCoV2 infection in rheumatic disease patients treated with rituximab: a descriptive study.","volume":"40","author":"LoarceMartos","year":"2020","journal-title":"Rheumatol Int."},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00296020046764","article-title":"Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID19) in autoimmune and inflammatory conditions: clinical characteristics of poor outcomes.","volume":"40","author":"Montero","year":"2020","journal-title":"Rheumatol Int."},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"859","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis2020217871","article-title":"Characteristics associated with hospitalization for COVID19 in people with rheumatic disease: data from the COVID19 global rheumatology alliance physicianreported registry.","volume":"79","author":"Gianfrancesco","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis."},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41584020005622","article-title":"Rheumatic disease and COVID19: epidemiology and outcomes.","volume":"17","author":"Hyrich","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat Rev Rheumatol."},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.berh.2020.101657","article-title":"Novel coronavirus disease2019 (COVID19) in people with rheumatic disease: epidemiology and outcomes.","volume":"35","author":"Grainger","year":"2021","journal-title":"Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol."},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/all.14657","article-title":"Risk factors for severe and critically ill COVID19 patients: a review.","volume":"76","author":"Gao","year":"2021","journal-title":"Allergy."},{"journal-title":"Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID19) treatment guidelines.","year":"2019","key":"B23"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2013-204223","article-title":"Prevalence of comorbidities in rheumatoid arthritis and evaluation of their monitoring: results of an international, crosssectional study (COMORA).","volume":"73","author":"Dougados","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ann Rheumat Dis."},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S26659913301697","article-title":"COVID19 in patients with rheumatic diseases in northern Italy: a singlecentre observational and casecontrol study.","volume":"2","author":"Fredi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Rheumatol."},{"key":"B26","article-title":"Hospitalization and mortality from COVID19 of patients with rheumatic inflammatory diseases in Andalusia.","author":"MenaV\u00e1zquez","year":"2021","journal-title":"Reumatol Clin."},{"key":"B27","first-page":"73","article-title":"Severity factors of Covid-19 infection in rheumatic immune-mediated inflammatory diseases: study in a Single University Hospital.","author":"Martinez-Lopez","year":"2021","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Medicine"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fmed.2022.1056374\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,12]],"date-time":"2022-12-12T04:38:22Z","timestamp":1670819902000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fmed.2022.1056374\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,12]]},"references-count":27,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fmed.2022.1056374"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmed.2022.1056374","relation":{},"ISSN":["2296-858X"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2296-858X"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,12]]},"article-number":"1056374"}}