{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,12]],"date-time":"2026-06-12T18:22:58Z","timestamp":1781288578753,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,25]],"date-time":"2022-11-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1669334400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Med."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study aimed to investigate the clinical spectra and outcomes in pregnancy-related optic neuritis (ON).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We analyzed the clinical subtype and prognosis of women with pregnancy-related ON in the neuro-ophthalmology department of the First Medical Center at the Chinese PLA General Hospital from January 2014 to December 2019.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 54 patients, including 21 (38.9%) with idiopathic ON (ION), 27 (50.0%) with aquaporin-4 (AQP4)-ON, and 6 (11.6%) with myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG)-ON, who experienced 58 informative pregnancies and 67 episodes of pregnancy-related ON were assessed. Among the ON attacks, there were 11 (16.4%) during pregnancy and 56 (83.6%) within 1 year postpartum (PP1) or after abortion, including 33 (49.3%) in the first trimester. In total, 14 (25.9%) patients with ON onset before pregnancy had a higher relapse rate during PP1 than within 1 year before pregnancy (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.021), and 24 (85.7%) eyes with ION and nine (100%) with MOG-ON had significantly better visual outcomes (p \u2265 0.5) than those with AQP4-ON (14, 35%) (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &amp;lt; 0.001 and <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &amp;lt; 0.001, respectively). Two AQP4-ON patients had premature birth and low baby weight, respectively. There were no birth defects or stillbirths.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The significantly increased relapse rate and numerous cases of ON after pregnancy suggest that delivery adversely affects the course of ON.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2022.1067277","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,25]],"date-time":"2022-11-25T05:03:15Z","timestamp":1669352595000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Serial analyses of clinical spectra and outcomes in Chinese women with pregnancy-induced optic neuritis"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Wenhao","family":"Bai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mingming","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Honglu","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hongen","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xintong","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiyun","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yixuan","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Biyue","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sheng","family":"Yao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Quangang","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shihui","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huanfen","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shengyuan","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(13)70259-X","article-title":"Optic neuritis","volume":"13","author":"Toosy","year":"2014","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2014.05.004","article-title":"spectrum of disorders: a paradigm for astrocyte-targeting autoimmunity and its implications for MS and other CNS inflammatory diseases","volume":"54","author":"Vaknin-Dembinsky","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Autoimmun."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1097\/WNO.0b013e318283c3ed","article-title":"Distinguishing optic neuritis in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disease from multiple sclerosis: a novel magnetic resonance imaging scoring system","volume":"33","author":"Storoni","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Neuroophthalmol."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000001729","article-title":"International consensus diagnostic criteria for neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders","volume":"85","author":"Wingerchuk","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neurology."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2014.03.001","article-title":"Anti-MOG antibodies in adult patients with demyelinating disorders of the central nervous system","volume":"270","author":"Tanaka","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Neuroimmunol."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2015.12.004","article-title":"Anti-MOG antibody: The history, clinical phenotype, and pathogenicity of a serum biomarker for demyelination","volume":"15","author":"Ramanathan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Autoimmun Rev."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2017-316880","article-title":"Clinical course, therapeutic responses and outcomes in relapsing MOG antibody-associated demyelination","volume":"89","author":"Ramanathan","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry."},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yhbeh.2012.02.023","article-title":"Pregnancy and pregnancy-associated hormones alter immune responses and disease pathogenesis","volume":"62","author":"Robinson","year":"2012","journal-title":"Horm Behav."},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2999","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1301483","article-title":"Neuromyelitis optica IgG causes placental inflammation and fetal death","volume":"191","author":"Saadoun","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Immunol."},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000002208","article-title":"Pregnancy outcomes in aquaporin-4-positive neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder","volume":"86","author":"Nour","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clim.2013.01.008","article-title":"Effects of pregnancy and breastfeeding on the multiple sclerosis disease course","volume":"149","author":"Langer-Gould","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin Immunol."},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2014.12.023","article-title":"Relapse of neuromyelitis optica during pregnancy\u2013treatment options and literature review","volume":"130","author":"Jurewicz","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin Neurol Neurosurg."},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.3109\/08820538.2012.735333","article-title":"Bilateral idiopathic optic neuritis in pregnancy","volume":"28","author":"Liu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Semin Ophthalmol."},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1382","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-016-8155-7","article-title":"Optic neuritis: a 5-year follow-up study of Chinese patients based on aquaporin-4 antibody status and ages","volume":"263","author":"Zhou","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Neurol."},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"518","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2014.01.012","article-title":"Revised diagnostic criteria of multiple sclerosis","volume":"13","author":"Milo","year":"2014","journal-title":"Autoimmun Rev"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1097\/WCO.0000000000000206","article-title":"Classification, diagnosis, and differential diagnosis of multiple sclerosis","volume":"28","author":"Katz","year":"2015","journal-title":"Curr Opin Neurol."},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1720","DOI":"10.1136\/bjophthalmol-2017-310157","article-title":"Distinct clinical characteristics of atypical optic neuritis with seronegative aquaporin-4 antibody among Chinese patients","volume":"101","author":"Zhou","year":"2017","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol."},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e40","DOI":"10.1212\/NXI.0000000000000040","article-title":"Antibodies to myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein in bilateral and recurrent optic neuritis","volume":"1","author":"Ramanathan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinflamm."},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"752","DOI":"10.1001\/archneurol.2011.2956","article-title":"Anti-myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibodies in pediatric patients with optic neuritis","volume":"69","author":"Rostasy","year":"2012","journal-title":"Arch Neurol."},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1413","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458515583376","article-title":"Pregnancy-related relapse risk factors in women with anti-AQP4 antibody positivity and neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder","volume":"22","author":"Shimizu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mult Scler."},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2012.04.024","article-title":"The effects of long-term exposure to disease-modifying drugs during pregnancy in multiple sclerosis","volume":"115","author":"Fragoso","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin Neurol Neurosurg."},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e453","DOI":"10.1212\/NXI.0000000000000453","article-title":"Rituximab before and during pregnancy: A systematic review, and a case series in MS and NMOSD","volume":"5","author":"Das","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinflamm."},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2017.03.051","article-title":"Effectiveness and safety of immunosuppressive therapy in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder during pregnancy","volume":"377","author":"Shi","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Neurol Sci."},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1264","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e318250d812","article-title":"Influence of pregnancy on neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder","volume":"78","author":"Kim","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neurology."},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2016.11.054","article-title":"Pregnancy in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder: a multicenter study from South China","volume":"372","author":"Huang","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Neurol Sci."},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2018.11.029","article-title":"The prevalence and prognostic value of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody in adult optic neuritis","volume":"396","author":"Liu","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Neurol Sci."},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1007\/s00404-008-0918-7","article-title":"Devic's neuromyelitis optica and pregnancy: distinction from multiple sclerosis is essential","volume":"280","author":"Cornelio","year":"2009","journal-title":"Arch Gynecol Obstet."},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2614","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-013-7031-y","article-title":"Neuromyelitis optica and pregnancy","volume":"260","author":"Fragoso","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Neurol."},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1544","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458513498125","article-title":"Neuromyelitis optica and pregnancy during therapeutic B cell depletion: infant exposure to anti-AQP4 antibody and prevention of rebound relapses with low-dose rituximab postpartum","volume":"19","author":"Ringelstein","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mult Scler."},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1576","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000000911","article-title":"Pregnancy outcomes in a woman with neuromyelitis optica","volume":"83","author":"Asgari","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neurology."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Medicine"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fmed.2022.1067277\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,25]],"date-time":"2022-11-25T05:03:17Z","timestamp":1669352597000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fmed.2022.1067277\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,25]]},"references-count":30,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fmed.2022.1067277"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmed.2022.1067277","relation":{},"ISSN":["2296-858X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2296-858X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,25]]},"article-number":"1067277"}}