{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]],"date-time":"2026-07-22T17:14:11Z","timestamp":1784740451298,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,9]],"date-time":"2023-01-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1673222400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Med."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Antinuclear antibody (ANA) testing is common practice among health care practitioners when evaluating children and adolescents with non-specific symptoms including fatigue and aches and pains. When positive, ANA results often lead to referrals to pediatric rheumatologists as these antibodies may be key indicators for specific pediatric rheumatologic diagnoses. The reliability and reproducibility of ANA tests varies with assay techniques and validation and interpretation of results. In the following article, review of ANA testing in pediatrics is provided along with case examples that demonstrate the reliability and reproducibility of these results in specific scenarios common in the practice of pediatric rheumatology. Guidelines for more accurate utilization of ANA testing are presented with the aim to improve testing and interpretation by ordering clinicians.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2022.1071115","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,10]],"date-time":"2023-01-10T14:22:54Z","timestamp":1673360574000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Reliability and reproducibility of antinuclear antibody testing in pediatric rheumatology practice"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Barbara E.","family":"Ostrov","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2431-4-13","article-title":"Clinical utility of antinuclear antibody tests in children","volume":"9","author":"McGhee","year":"2004","journal-title":"BMC Pediatr."},{"key":"B2","first-page":"892","article-title":"The outcome of children referred to a pediatric rheumatology clinic with a positive antinuclear antibody test but without an autoimmune disease","volume":"95","author":"Deane","year":"1995","journal-title":"Pediatrics."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1439","DOI":"10.1002\/art.23087","article-title":"Prevalence of and annual ambulatory health care visits for pediatric arthritis and other rheumatologic conditions in the United States in 2001\u20132004","volume":"57","author":"Sacks","year":"2007","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1279","DOI":"10.1177\/0009922815624902","article-title":"2016 use of rheumatology laboratory studies among primary pediatricians","volume":"55","author":"Correll","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin Pediatr (Phila)."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1020","DOI":"10.1111\/ped.14592","article-title":"ANA testing in children: How much is really necessary?","volume":"63","author":"Haslak","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pediatr Int."},{"key":"B6","unstructured":"2022"},{"key":"B7","unstructured":"2022"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1151","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2018-214819","article-title":"2019 EULAR\/ACR Classification Criteria for SLE","volume":"78","author":"Aringer","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis."},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1007\/s12098-015-1936-7","article-title":"Autoantibodies and their judicious use in pediatric rheumatology practice","volume":"83","author":"Saikia","year":"2016","journal-title":"Indian J Pediatr."},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1007\/s12016-021-08888-9","article-title":"Autoimmune Hepatitis: Serum Autoantibodies in Clinical Practice","volume":"63","author":"Beretta-Piccoli","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin Rev Allergy Immunol."},{"key":"B11","first-page":"2055","article-title":"Comparative study of 4 diagnosis criteria sets for MCTD in patients with anti-RNP antibodies. 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