{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T15:58:25Z","timestamp":1791907105693,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,4]],"date-time":"2023-01-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1672790400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Med."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>Primary pulmonary nucleoprotein of the testis (NUT) carcinoma is very rare in the clinic. In this study, the clinicopathological manifestations and imaging features of the primary pulmonary NUT carcinoma were investigated to improve the diagnosis of this disease.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Six patients with pathologically diagnosed pulmonary NUT carcinoma were analyzed, including three males and three females, aged 19\u201364 (49.00 \u00b1 16.40) years, with clinical manifestations of cough in two cases, hoarseness in one case, blood in sputum in one case, chest pain in one case, and physical examination findings in one case, with a disease duration of 5 days to 4 months. The clinical and imaging data including CT and PET\/CT were retrospectively analyzed. Further literature reviews were analyzed in both pulmonary and extrapulmonary NUT carcinoma cases who performed<jats:sup>18<\/jats:sup>F-FDG PET\/CT.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Most of the patients with pulmonary NUT carcinomas presented as heterogeneous lobulated masses (83.33%), four cases (66.67%) were located in the upper lobe of the left lung, one case (16.67%) in the middle lobe of the right lung, and one case (16.67%) in the lower lobe of the right lung, with the maximum diameter ranging from 1.30 to 8.90 cm and the median of 3.55 cm, most of them were irregularly shaped, with more lobulated margins and more heterogeneous density (83.33%), and the enhancement was mild. PET\/CT showed increased<jats:sup>18<\/jats:sup>F-FDG uptake in the lesion and metastatic areas. Both the pulmonary NUT patients in this study and literature reviews showed the SUV<jats:sub>max<\/jats:sub>of the tumor ranged from 5 to 40 with an average value of 12.8, whereas that of extrapulmonary lesions had a range of SUV<jats:sub>max<\/jats:sub>at 4.5\u201364.1 and a mean of 13.8.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>In patients with central lung masses, rapid disease progression, and poor response to initial treatment, the possibility of NUT cancer should be considered and anti-NUT monoclonal antibody immunohistochemical staining, combined with genetic detection, if necessary, should be performed as soon as possible. CT and PET\/CT imaging are essential for the staging, management, treatment response assessment, and monitoring of pulmonary NUT cancer.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2022.1083206","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,4]],"date-time":"2023-01-04T14:18:04Z","timestamp":1672841884000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Clinical imaging of primary pulmonary nucleoprotein of the testis carcinoma"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Wenpeng","family":"Huang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yongbai","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qi","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ge","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yongkang","family":"Qiu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liming","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lei","family":"Kang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2022.860830","article-title":"Nut carcinoma: clinicopathologic features, molecular genetics and epigenetics.","volume":"12","author":"Moreno","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Oncol."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1053\/j.semdp.2021.06.005","article-title":"Nut carcinoma of the lung.","volume":"38","author":"Lantuejoul","year":"2021","journal-title":"Semin Diagn Pathol."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"722","DOI":"10.1177\/10668969211019532","article-title":"Challenging diagnosis in nut carcinoma.","volume":"29","author":"Claudia","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Surg Pathol."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/3369895","article-title":"Nut midline carcinoma: a rare solid tumour characterized by chromosome rearrangement.","volume":"2022","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Evid Based Complement Alternat Med."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21037\/acr-19-168","article-title":"The primary pulmonary nut carcinomas and some uncommon somatic mutations identified by next-generation sequencing: a case report.","volume":"4","author":"Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"AME Case Rep."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"51630","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.18257","article-title":"Prognostic significance of Pd-L1 expression and (18)F-Fdg Pet\/Ct in surgical pulmonary squamous cell carcinoma.","volume":"8","author":"Zhang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Oncotarget."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2021.690115","article-title":"Immunotherapy and targeting the tumor microenvironment: current place and new insights in primary pulmonary nut carcinoma.","volume":"11","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Oncol."},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5773","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.Ccr-12-1153","article-title":"Clinicopathologic features and long-term outcomes of nut midline carcinoma.","volume":"18","author":"Bauer","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin Cancer Res."},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1243","DOI":"10.1097\/jto.0000000000000630","article-title":"The 2015 world health organization classification of lung tumors: impact of genetic, clinical and radiologic advances since the 2004 classification.","volume":"10","author":"Travis","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Thorac Oncol."},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-pathol-011811-132438","article-title":"Pathogenesis of nut midline carcinoma.","volume":"7","author":"French","year":"2012","journal-title":"Annu Rev Pathol."},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jncics\/pkz094","article-title":"An anatomical site and genetic-based prognostic model for patients with nuclear protein in testis (Nut) midline carcinoma: analysis of 124 patients.","volume":"4","author":"Chau","year":"2020","journal-title":"JNCI Cancer Spectr."},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13023-020-01449-x","article-title":"Clinical features, treatment, and survival outcome of primary pulmonary nut midline carcinoma.","volume":"15","author":"Xie","year":"2020","journal-title":"Orphanet J Rare Dis."},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5757","DOI":"10.1002\/cam4.4096","article-title":"Clinicopathological and molecular characterizations of pulmonary nut midline carcinoma.","volume":"10","author":"Xie","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cancer Med."},{"key":"B14","article-title":"Case report and literature review: primary pulmonary nut-midline carcinoma.","volume":"11","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Oncol."},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"492","DOI":"10.1136\/jcp.2007.052902","article-title":"Demystified molecular pathology of nut midline carcinomas.","volume":"63","author":"French","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Clin Pathol."},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1253","DOI":"10.1097\/PAS.0b013e3181abe120","article-title":"Nut midline carcinoma of the parotid gland with mesenchymal differentiation.","volume":"33","author":"den Bakker","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am J Surg Pathol."},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1007\/s12105-016-0688-7","article-title":"Newly described tumor entities in sinonasal tract pathology.","volume":"10","author":"Bishop","year":"2016","journal-title":"Head Neck Pathol."},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1093\/jjco\/hyac033","article-title":"Nuclear protein of the testis midline carcinoma of the thorax.","volume":"52","author":"Saiki","year":"2022","journal-title":"Jpn J Clin Oncol."},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"951","DOI":"10.1097\/jto.0000000000000545","article-title":"Primary pulmonary nut midline carcinoma: clinical, radiographic, and pathologic characterizations.","volume":"10","author":"Sholl","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Thorac Oncol."},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"484","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2015.10.001","article-title":"Nut carcinoma of the thorax: case report and review of the literature.","volume":"90","author":"Harms","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lung Cancer."},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinimag.2020.07.025","article-title":"Imaging spectrum of nut carcinomas.","volume":"67","author":"Virarkar","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Imaging."},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"W391","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.13.12401","article-title":"Demystifying nut midline carcinoma: radiologic and pathologic correlations of an aggressive malignancy.","volume":"203","author":"Bair","year":"2014","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol."},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1177\/1066896918796606","article-title":"Nut (nuclear protein in testis) carcinoma: a report of two cases with different histopathologic features.","volume":"27","author":"Reddy","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J Surg Pathol."},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"330","DOI":"10.1097\/rct.0000000000001133","article-title":"Nut midline carcinoma of the lung: computed tomography findings in 10 patients.","volume":"45","author":"Chang","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Comput Assist Tomogr."},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.6004\/jnccn.2017.7203","article-title":"Rediagnosis of lung cancer as nut midline carcinoma based on clues from tumor genomic profiling.","volume":"16","author":"Baras","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Natl Compr Canc Netw."},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13000-020-01053-4","article-title":"P63-negative pulmonary nut carcinoma arising in the elderly: a case report.","volume":"15","author":"Numakura","year":"2020","journal-title":"Diagn Pathol."},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21037\/acr-21-35","article-title":"Nut midline lung cancer: a rare case report with literature review.","volume":"6","author":"Gupta","year":"2022","journal-title":"AME Case Rep."},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1177\/10668969211047981","article-title":"Nut carcinoma: a clinical, morphological and immunohistochemical mimicker-the role of Rna sequencing in the diagnostic procedure.","volume":"30","author":"Gasljevic","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Surg Pathol."},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e5","DOI":"10.5301\/tj.5000685","article-title":"Uncommon somatic mutations in metastatic nut midline carcinoma.","author":"Cavalieri","year":"2017","journal-title":"Tumori."},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1016\/j.remn.2014.08.007","article-title":"Staging and evaluation of neoadjuvant chemotherapy response with 18F-Fdg Pet\/Ct in nut-midline carcinoma in a child: a case report and review of the literature.","volume":"34","author":"Ciftci","year":"2015","journal-title":"Rev Esp Med Nucl Imagen Mol."},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"546","DOI":"10.1177\/000348941112000810","article-title":"Nut midline carcinoma mimicking tonsillitis in an eight-year-old girl.","volume":"120","author":"Rutt","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol."},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1007\/s00247-011-2288-8","article-title":"Radiologic features of nut midline carcinoma in an adolescent.","volume":"42","author":"Rosenbaum","year":"2012","journal-title":"Pediatr Radiol."},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1007\/s00247-011-2272-3","article-title":"Nut midline carcinoma: an imaging case series and review of literature.","volume":"42","author":"Polsani","year":"2012","journal-title":"Pediatr Radiol."},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"764","DOI":"10.1097\/rlu.0000000000000795","article-title":"Nut midline carcinoma in elderly patients: usefulness of 18f-Fdg Pet\/Ct for treatment assessment.","volume":"40","author":"Kawase","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin Nucl Med."},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.288","article-title":"Sinonasal nut-midline carcinoma - a multimodality approach to diagnosis, staging and post-surgical restaging.","volume":"7","author":"Shaikh","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cureus."},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12885-016-2944-3","article-title":"Nut midline carcinoma mimicking a germ cell tumor: a case report.","volume":"16","author":"Harada","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMC Cancer."},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"424","DOI":"10.12659\/ajcr.893879","article-title":"Impressive Response to dose-dense chemotherapy in a patient with nut midline carcinoma.","volume":"16","author":"Maur","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am J Case Rep."},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.4103\/1450-1147.207284","article-title":"Nuclear protein in testis midline carcinoma presenting in an infant as a pericardial mass with staging by (18)F-fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography\/computed tomography.","volume":"16","author":"Perkins","year":"2017","journal-title":"World J Nucl Med."},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1080\/08880018.2017.1363839","article-title":"Pediatric nut-midline carcinoma: therapeutic success employing a sarcoma based multimodal approach.","volume":"34","author":"Storck","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pediatr Hematol Oncol."},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.52768\/2833-2725\/1068","article-title":"Metastatic nut midline carcinoma.","volume":"2","author":"Newallo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Open J Clin Med Images."},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e73","DOI":"10.1097\/mph.0000000000001860","article-title":"Metastatic nut midline carcinoma treated with aggressive neoadjuvant chemotherapy, radiation, and resection: a case report and review of the literature.","volume":"43","author":"Sopfe","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Pediatr Hematol Oncol."},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12957-020-02065-6","article-title":"Nut midline carcinoma in a young pregnant female: a case report.","volume":"18","author":"Joel","year":"2020","journal-title":"World J Surg Oncol."},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.4103\/ijpm.Ijpm_373_19","article-title":"Sinonasal nut midline carcinoma: a new histological entity.","volume":"63","author":"Vakani","year":"2020","journal-title":"Indian J Pathol Microbiol."},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1007\/s12105-013-0479-3","article-title":"Nut midline carcinoma: a case report with a novel translocation and review of the literature.","volume":"8","author":"Mills","year":"2014","journal-title":"Head Neck Pathol."},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e707","DOI":"10.1097\/mph.0000000000001865","article-title":"Nut carcinoma without upfront surgical resection: a case report.","volume":"43","author":"Leeman","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Pediatr Hematol Oncol."},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1549","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radcr.2022.01.077","article-title":"Nut carcinoma of the thorax in a 7-year-old child.","volume":"17","author":"Cooper","year":"2022","journal-title":"Radiol Case Rep."},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1409","DOI":"10.1007\/s12105-021-01311-x","article-title":"Sinonasal nut carcinoma: delayed diagnosis due to the Covid-19 pandemic and a review of the literature.","volume":"15","author":"Crocetta","year":"2021","journal-title":"Head Neck Pathol."},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijom.2022.07.002","article-title":"Nut carcinoma of the mandible in a child: case report and systematic review.","author":"Jimenez","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg."},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1097\/cpm.0000000000000339","article-title":"Nut carcinoma resulting in svc syndrome.","volume":"27","author":"Surro","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Pulm Med."},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12395","DOI":"10.12998\/wjcc.v10.i33.12395","article-title":"Multimodality imaging and treatment of paranasal sinuses nuclear protein in testis carcinoma: a case report.","volume":"10","author":"Huang","year":"2022","journal-title":"World J Clin Cases."},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e124","DOI":"10.1097\/RLU.0b013e31821c9a23","article-title":"Fdg Pet\/Ct imaging of nut midline carcinoma.","volume":"36","author":"Niederkohr","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin Nucl Med."},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1097\/00005382-200605000-00004","article-title":"Pet\/Ct imaging of lung cancer.","volume":"21","author":"Bruzzi","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Thorac Imaging."},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1097\/RLU.0b013e3182952c2d","article-title":"Adenosquamous carcinoma of the lung: Ct, Fdg Pet, and clinicopathologic findings.","volume":"39","author":"Lee","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin Nucl Med."},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2022.973109","article-title":"Role of 18f-Fdg Pet\/Ct in patients affected by pulmonary primary lymphoma.","volume":"12","author":"Peng","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Oncol."},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0300060519892419","article-title":"Prognostic value of (18)F-Fdg Pet\/Ct metabolic parameters in small cell lung cancer.","volume":"48","author":"Choi","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Int Med Res."},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1055\/a-1026-6561","article-title":"[Nuclear protein in testis (Nut) midline carcinoma].","volume":"192","author":"Baumgartner","year":"2020","journal-title":"Rofo."},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13000-021-01188-y","article-title":"Nut midline carcinoma as a primary lung tumor treated with anlotinib combined with palliative radiotherapy: a case report.","volume":"17","author":"Jiang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Diagn Pathol."},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"492","DOI":"10.1158\/2159-8290.Cd-15-1335","article-title":"Clinical response of carcinomas harboring the Brd4-nut oncoprotein to the targeted bromodomain inhibitor Otx015\/Mk-8628.","volume":"6","author":"Stathis","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cancer Discov."},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"764","DOI":"10.1038\/s41379-019-0206-z","article-title":"Nutm1-rearranged neoplasia: a multi-institution experience yields novel fusion partners and expands the histologic spectrum.","volume":"32","author":"Stevens","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mod Pathol."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Medicine"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fmed.2022.1083206\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,4]],"date-time":"2023-12-04T01:05:41Z","timestamp":1701651941000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fmed.2022.1083206\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,4]]},"references-count":59,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fmed.2022.1083206"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmed.2022.1083206","relation":{},"ISSN":["2296-858X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2296-858X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,4]]},"article-number":"1083206"}}