{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T07:17:14Z","timestamp":1790666234648,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,22]],"date-time":"2022-03-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1647907200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Med."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>The French Riviera has been declared free of Lyme Borreliosis (LB) for years. Many patients are referred for presumed LB, sometimes with atypical clinical signs and\/or doubtful serology, calling the diagnosis into question.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Patients were assessed for LB diagnosis, depending on clinical presentation, laboratory findings, and further examination by other medical professionals.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Among 255 patients, 45 (18%) were classified as confirmed LB cases [including 28 ongoing LB (10%) and 17 past LB (8%)], and for 210 (82%) a Lyme borreliosis diagnosis was ruled out. Among ongoing LB, 56% had been exposed to or bitten by ticks, exclusively in rural locations of the Alpes-Maritimes. As a result of the diagnostic procedure, 132 (52%) patients had been treated. An alternative diagnosis was established for 134 (52%) patients, covering a wide range of conditions, including mainly psychological (28%) and neurological conditions (25%) or inflammatory and systemic diseases (22%).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our results strongly suggest the endemicity of LB in the Alpes-Maritimes region. Confirmed LB accounted for 18% of patients while 52% were diagnosed with other conditions.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2022.737854","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,28]],"date-time":"2022-03-28T16:54:26Z","timestamp":1648486466000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Emergence of Lyme Disease on the French Riviera, a Retrospective Survey"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Jacques","family":"Sevestre","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antoine","family":"Benichou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vanessa","family":"Rio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pascal","family":"Delaunay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G\u00e9raldine","family":"Gonfrier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C\u00e9cile","family":"Martaresche","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Virginie","family":"Carlo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah","family":"Nakam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"V\u00e9ronique","family":"Mondain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michel","family":"Carles","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pierre Yves","family":"Jeandel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jacques","family":"Durant","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1625","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2109.150417","article-title":"Incidence of Clinician-Diagnosed Lyme Disease, United States, 2005\u20132010","volume":"21","author":"Nelson","year":"2015","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1016\/j.idc.2008.01.001","article-title":"Lyme Disease, European Perspective","volume":"22","author":"Stanek","year":"2008","journal-title":"Infect Dis Clin North Am."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1093\/pubmed\/fdw017","article-title":"An estimate of Lyme borreliosis incidence in Western Europe","volume":"39","author":"Robert","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journal of Public Health."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"318","DOI":"10.1016\/j.medmal.2019.04.381","article-title":"Lyme borreliosis and other tick-borne diseases","volume":"49","author":"Figoni","year":"2019","journal-title":"Guidelines from the French Scientific Societies (I): prevention, epidemiology, diagnosis. 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