{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,2]],"date-time":"2026-06-02T09:21:26Z","timestamp":1780392086083,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,24]],"date-time":"2022-03-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1648080000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Med."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) is one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality in immunocompromised patients such as hematological malignancies, hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, and solid organ transplantation. The diagnosis of IPA in these patients is still difficult because it has no obvious specificity in clinical symptoms, signs and imaging, and test sensitivity of blood 1,3-\u03b2-<jats:sc>d<\/jats:sc>-glucan test, galactomannan are low. Therefore, we still need to explore more diagnostic methods. In our study, <jats:italic>via<\/jats:italic> peripheral blood metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS), five patients were tested positive for <jats:italic>Aspergillus<\/jats:italic> DNA and then quickly diagnosed as IPA. Out of the 5 cases, 1 was proven and 4 were probable IPA. The underlying diseases of the 5 patients were myelodysplastic syndrome (2 cases), acute myeloid leukemia (2 cases), and renal transplantation (1 case). Then they were diagnosed as IPA using other methods such as lung histopathology, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) mNGS, and sputum culture or sputum mNGS. In case 1, sputum culture suggested <jats:italic>Aspergillus flavus<\/jats:italic>. In case 2, both Grocott methenamine silver (GMS) stain of lung histopathology and lung tissue mNGS suggested <jats:italic>Aspergillus<\/jats:italic> infection. In cases 3 and 4, BALF-mNGS suggested <jats:italic>Aspergillus<\/jats:italic> infection. In case 5, sputum mNGS suggested <jats:italic>Aspergillus<\/jats:italic> infection. In conclusion, detecting the cfDNA of <jats:italic>Aspergillus via<\/jats:italic> peripheral blood mNGS can be used to diagnose IPA and is a rapid and non-invasive diagnosis method.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2022.751617","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,29]],"date-time":"2022-03-29T04:06:30Z","timestamp":1648526790000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Invasive Pulmonary Aspergillosis Diagnosis via Peripheral Blood Metagenomic Next-Generation Sequencing"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Xiaoxu","family":"Ma","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Suping","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haizhou","family":"Xing","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huiling","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiajun","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haijun","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mengfan","family":"Jiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qingmiao","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aiguo","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lihua","family":"Xing","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Weijie","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e04248","DOI":"10.1002\/ccr3.4248","article-title":"Successful treatment of pulmonary aspergillosis due to aspergillus fumigatus in a child affected by systemic lupus erythematosus: a case report from Northeastern Iran","volume":"9","author":"Kashefi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Case Rep."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2018.01.047","article-title":"Predominance of non-fumigatus aspergillus species among patients suspected to pulmonary aspergillosis in a tropical and subtropical region of the Middle East","volume":"116","author":"Zanganeh","year":"2018","journal-title":"Microb Pathog."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1002\/jcla.21580","article-title":"Incidence of pulmonary aspergillosis and correlation of conventional diagnostic methods with nested PCR and real-time PCR assay using BAL fluid in intensive care unit patients","volume":"27","author":"Zarrinfar","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Clin Lab Anal."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e13744","DOI":"10.5812\/jjm.13744","article-title":"Detection of Aspergillus flavus and A. fumigatus in bronchoalveolar lavage specimens of hematopoietic stem cell transplants and hematological malignancies patients by real-time polymerase chain reaction, nested pcr and mycological assays","volume":"8","author":"Zarrinfar","year":"2015","journal-title":"Jundishapur. 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