{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,5]],"date-time":"2026-05-05T09:27:53Z","timestamp":1777973273621,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,3]],"date-time":"2022-03-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1646265600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Med."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>A 52-year-old middle-aged woman developed fatigue, poor appetite and elevated CRE levels 6 months ago without known causes of these symptoms. After repeated anti-infective and renal function improvement treatment, her symptoms did not significantly improve and local progress. Pathological examination confirmed soft spot disease of left kidney and bladder.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Tests<\/jats:title><jats:p>Plain computed tomography (CT) scan of the lungs and urinary system; CT enhancement of the abdomen and pelvis, magnetic resonance (MR) enhancement of the abdomen and pelvis; positron emission tomography (PET)-CT; ultrasonography of the urinary system; cystoscopy, biopsy; and laboratory examination including urine routine and culture, urine protein quantification, cytology and culture of drainage fluid smear, routine blood test, and assessment of C-reactive protein, sedimentation, procalcitonin, liver function, renal function, electrolytes, thyroid function, parathyroid function, and cardiac enzymes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Diagnosis<\/jats:title><jats:p>Left-sided renal and bladder malakoplakia, chronic renal insufficiency (CKD stage 4), renal anemia, complicated urinary tract infection (<jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic> + smooth bacilli), chronic urinary retention, abscess of the left psoas major and iliac fossa, type II diabetes mellitus, grade III hypertension (very high risk), and post cholecystectomy.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Treatment<\/jats:title><jats:p>Hospitalized urinary catheterization, anti-infective treatment, diagnostic anti-tuberculosis treatment, gastrointestinal dialysis, correction of anemia treatment, nutritional support, left lumbar enlargement, iliac fossa abscess puncture drainage, left nephrectomy.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2022.770731","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,3]],"date-time":"2022-03-03T06:04:53Z","timestamp":1646287493000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Clinical Analysis of Renal Failure Caused by Malakoplakia: A Case Report and Literature Review"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Zhenting","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jiannan","family":"Ren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"418","DOI":"10.1038\/nrneph,.2009.86","article-title":"Malacoplakia presenting with obstructive nephropathy with bilateral ureter involvement","volume":"5","author":"Sanchez","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nat Rev Nephrol."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1906","DOI":"10.1038\/s41395-018-0382-3","article-title":"Chronic diarrhea related to colonic malakoplakia successfully treated with budesonide in a kidney transplant recipient","volume":"113","author":"Koklu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1016\/s0022-5347(17)54940-x","article-title":"Malacoplakia: a study of the literature and current concepts of pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment","volume":"125","author":"Stanton","year":"1981","journal-title":"J Urol."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"516","DOI":"10.1038\/ncpuro1173","article-title":"A case of acute renal failure caused by bilateral, multifocal malacoplakia lesions of the bladder and ureters","volume":"5","author":"Bylund","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nat Clin Pract Urol."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1511","DOI":"10.5858\/2007-131-1511-MOTUT","article-title":"Malakoplakia outside the urinary tract","volume":"131","author":"Chen","year":"2007","journal-title":"Arch Pathol Lab Med"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1016\/s0022-5347(17)66233-5","article-title":"A fatal case of malakoplakia of the urinary tract","volume":"79","author":"Scott","year":"1958","journal-title":"J Urol."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7527","DOI":"10.1186\/1757-1626-2-7527","article-title":"An unusual case of bilateral hydroureteronephrosis caused by uretero-vesico malakoplakia in a young male: a case report and review of the literature","volume":"2","author":"Patnayak","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cases J."},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.4103\/iju.IJU_134_20","article-title":"Coexistence of malacoplakia and mullerianosis in the urinary bladder: an uncommon pathology","volume":"36","author":"Mahajan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Indian J Urol."},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.156.5.577","article-title":"Malacoplakia. 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