{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,30]],"date-time":"2026-10-30T17:16:10Z","timestamp":1793380570077,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,25]],"date-time":"2022-02-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1645747200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Med."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Smell and taste disorders are frequent symptoms during acute COVID-19 and may persist long after the resolution of the initial phase. This study aims to estimate the proportion and risk factors for smell and\/or taste disorders at the onset of symptoms and their persistence after more than 6 months of follow-up in COVID-19 patients. We analyzed a prospective cohort of COVID-19 patients admitted to our institute in Marseille, France in early 2020. After being discharged from the hospital, patients with smell and\/or taste disorders were contacted for a telephone interview. Logistic regression analysis was performed to determine the risk factors for smell and\/or taste disorders. A total of 3,737 patients were included, of whom 1,676 reported smell and\/or taste disorders at the onset of symptoms. Taste and\/or smell disorders were independently associated with being younger and female, a lower likelihood of suffering from diabetes, cardiovascular diseases and cancer, a longer delay between the onset of symptoms and consultation, and non-severe forms of COVID-19 at admission. Of the 605 patients with smell and\/or taste disorders who were followed-up, 154 (25.5%) reported the persistence of symptoms for more than 6 months. At the time of follow-up, being female, having a chronic respiratory disease and using angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEis) were factors independently associated with the persistence of smell and\/or taste disorders. In conclusion, the long-term persistence of olfactory and gustative disorders is frequent among COVID-19 patients, notably affecting female patients and patients who suffered from chronic respiratory diseases before infection. The role of ACEis needs to be further evaluated in larger numbers of patients.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2022.794550","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,25]],"date-time":"2022-02-25T10:41:23Z","timestamp":1645785683000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Long-Term Persistence of Olfactory and Gustatory Disorders in COVID-19 Patients"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Nhu Ngoc","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Van Thuan","family":"Hoang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thi Loi","family":"Dao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Line","family":"Meddeb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S\u00e9bastien","family":"Cortaredona","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jean-Christophe","family":"Lagier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthieu","family":"Million","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Didier","family":"Raoult","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philippe","family":"Gautret","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e100618","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpcardiol.2020.100618","article-title":"COVID-19 and multiorgan response","volume":"45","author":"Zaim","year":"2020","journal-title":"Curr Probl Cardiol."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"683","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2020.1127","article-title":"Neurologic manifestations of hospitalized patients with coronavirus disease 2019 in Wuhan, China","volume":"77","author":"Mao","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA Neurol."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2020.06.086","article-title":"Neurosensory dysfunction: a diagnostic marker of early COVID-19","volume":"98","author":"Liang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Infect Dis"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1037","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-020-0916-2","article-title":"Real-time tracking of self-reported symptoms to predict potential COVID-19","volume":"26","author":"Menni","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2251","DOI":"10.1007\/s00405-020-05965-1","article-title":"Olfactory and gustatory dysfunction as a clinical presentation of milds-to-moderate forms of the coronavirus disease","volume":"277","author":"Lechien","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101791","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tmaid.2020.101791","article-title":"Outcomes of 3,737 COVID-19 patients treated with hydroxychloroquine azithromycin and other regimens in Marseille, France- A retrospective analysis","volume":"36","author":"Lagier","year":"2020","journal-title":"Travel Med Infect Dis"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2118717","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2021.18717","article-title":"Self-reported memory problems 8 months after COVID-19 infection","volume":"4","author":"S\u00d8raas","year":"2021","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open."},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101019","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2021.101019","article-title":"Characterizing long COVID in an international cohort: 7 months of symptoms and their impact","volume":"38","author":"Davis","year":"2021","journal-title":"EClinicalMedicine"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"931","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2020.12.021","article-title":"Long-term persistence of olfactory and gustatory disorders in COVID-19 patients","volume":"27","author":"Nguyen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Infect."},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101632","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tmaid.2020.101632","article-title":"Rapid viral diagnosis and ambulatory management of suspected COVID-19 cases presenting at the infectious diseases referral hospital in Marseille, France, - 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