{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T15:54:02Z","timestamp":1790610842595,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,11]],"date-time":"2022-04-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1649635200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81772265"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81772265"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Med."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>The recent severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) outbreak has caused millions of deaths and greatly influenced the timely diagnosis and treatment of other diseases. Throughout the pandemic, there was a dramatic reduction in the prevalence of several sexually transmitted infections. However, the impact of the ongoing pandemic on human papillomavirus (HPV) infection rates has not been investigated thus far.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We retrospectively collected data regarding HPV and cervical cancer screening results of outpatients from gynecological clinics of a tertiary hospital from 1 December 2018 to 31 December 2020 in Wuhan. Based on the timeline of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic in Wuhan, we divided this period into four relatively independent stages to compare the HPV screening visit numbers and infection rates.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>There was a 50% drop in HPV screening visits and a 10% drop in HPV infection rates throughout the pandemic when compared with the numbers collected before the pandemic. Strict lockdown measures greatly decreased the HPV infection rate (17.03 vs. 8.29, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.003). During the pandemic, the most prevalent HPV genotypes were HPV 16, 52, 58, and 53. After the pandemic, the HPV infection rate recovered quickly, but it was still slightly lower than the infection rate found before the outbreak (23.3 vs. 21.2%).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>During coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, cervical cancer screening visits and HPV infection rates have decreased dramatically. The HPV transmission has also decreased after strict lockdown. Effective HPV and cervical cancer screening programs should be strengthened immediately to reduce the transmission of HPV during and after the pandemic.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2022.799736","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,11]],"date-time":"2022-04-11T06:22:01Z","timestamp":1649658121000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Impact of COVID-19 Outbreak on the Gynecological Outpatients HPV Infection Rate in Wuhan, China: A Retrospective Observational Study"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Hang","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qian","family":"Yao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Di","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhiming","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yan","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2020.08.001","article-title":"Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on mental health in the general population: a systematic review","volume":"277","author":"Xiong","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Affect Disord."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1951","DOI":"10.1007\/s00384-020-03635-6","article-title":"The impact of COVID-19 pandemic in the colorectal cancer prevention","volume":"35","author":"Del Vecchio Blanco","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Colorectal Dis."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"889","DOI":"10.1158\/1940-6207.CAPR-20-0468","article-title":"COVID-19, cancer care and prevention","volume":"13","author":"DuBois","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cancer Prev Res."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e13791","DOI":"10.1111\/and.13791","article-title":"Impact of COVID-19 and other viruses on reproductive health","volume":"52","author":"Batiha","year":"2020","journal-title":"Andrologia."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1097\/QCO.0000000000000699","article-title":"Potential and demonstrated impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on sexually transmissible infections","volume":"34","author":"Ogunbodede","year":"2021","journal-title":"Curr Opin Infect Dis."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e5","DOI":"10.1097\/OLQ.0000000000001306","article-title":"Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on sexually transmitted infection clinic visits","volume":"48","author":"Tao","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sex Transm Dis."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30247-6","article-title":"Eliminating cervical cancer","volume":"395","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"836","DOI":"10.1080\/21645515.2020.1801318","article-title":"Contemplating HPV vaccination in Japan during the time of COVID-19","volume":"17","author":"Miyoshi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Hum Vaccin Immunother."},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e425","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-2667(20)30122-5","article-title":"Tackling cervical cancer in Europe amidst the COVID-19 pandemic","volume":"5","author":"Arbyn","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Public Health."},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1186\/s12985-020-01455-2","article-title":"Distribution of cervical lesions in high-risk HPV (hr-HPV) positive women with ASC-US: a retrospective single-center study in China","volume":"17","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Virol J."},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"436","DOI":"10.1086\/653826","article-title":"Genotype-specific persistence of genital human papillomavirus (HPV) infections in women followed for 6 years in the Finnish Family HPV Study","volume":"202","author":"Louvanto","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Infect Dis."},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1136\/sextrans-2020-054608","article-title":"Trend of main STIs during COVID-19 pandemic in Milan, Italy","volume":"97","author":"Cusini","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sex Transm Infect."},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm7004a1","article-title":"Impact of COVID-19 on cervical cancer screening rates among women aged 21-65 years in a large integrated health care system - Southern California, January 1-September 30, 2019 and January 1-September 30 2020","volume":"70","author":"Miller","year":"2021","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2020.09.018","article-title":"Decline in invasive pneumococcal disease during COVID-19 pandemic in Taiwan","volume":"82","author":"Juan","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Infect."},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1038\/nrc2050","article-title":"The natural history of cervical HPV infection: unresolved issues","volume":"7","author":"Woodman","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nat Rev Cancer."},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6923","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-27292-7","article-title":"Changes in notifiable infectious disease incidence in China during the COVID-19 pandemic","volume":"12","author":"Geng","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat Commun."},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"737817","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2021.737817","article-title":"The epidemic of sexually transmitted diseases under the influence of COVID-19 in China","volume":"9","author":"Yan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Public Health."},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e766","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.16808","article-title":"STIs and the COVID-19 pandemic: the lockdown does not stop sexual infections","volume":"34","author":"Balestri","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol."},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"710","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2020.11.006","article-title":"Syphilis and the COVID-19 pandemic: did the lockdown stop risky sexual behavior?","volume":"39","author":"Bonato","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Dermatol"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"498","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.33274","article-title":"The future of cancer screening after COVID-19 may be at home","volume":"127","author":"Gorin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cancer."},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106900","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2021.106900","article-title":"Worldwide use of HPV self-sampling for cervical cancer screening","volume":"154","author":"Serrano","year":"2021","journal-title":"Prevent Med."},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.7883\/yoken.JJID.2019.181","article-title":"Prevalence and genotype distribution of high-risk human papillomavirus among chinese women in Sichuan province","volume":"73","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"Jpn J Infect Dis."},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1335","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(20)30277-1","article-title":"Domestic HPV vaccine price and economic returns for cervical cancer prevention in China: a cost-effectiveness analysis","volume":"8","author":"Zou","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Glob Health."},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S44","DOI":"10.1097\/OLQ.0000000000001463","article-title":"Decreases in reported sexually transmitted infections during the time of COVID-19 in King County, WA: decreased transmission or screening?","volume":"48","author":"Berzkalns","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sex Transm Dis."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Medicine"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fmed.2022.799736\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,11]],"date-time":"2022-04-11T06:22:04Z","timestamp":1649658124000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fmed.2022.799736\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,11]]},"references-count":24,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fmed.2022.799736"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmed.2022.799736","relation":{},"ISSN":["2296-858X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2296-858X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,11]]},"article-number":"799736"}}