{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,8]],"date-time":"2026-05-08T17:44:45Z","timestamp":1778262285630,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,13]],"date-time":"2022-04-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1649808000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Med."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Importance<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Accurate monitoring of core body temperature is integral to targeted temperature management (TTM) following cardiac arrest. However, there are no reliable non-invasive methods for monitoring temperature during TTM.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We compared the accuracy and precision of a novel non-invasive Zero-Heat-Flux Thermometer (SpotOn\u2122) to a standard invasive esophageal probe in a cohort of patients undergoing TTM post-cardiac arrest.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design, Setting, and Participants<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We prospectively enrolled 20 patients undergoing post-cardiac arrest care in the intensive care units at the London Health Sciences Centre in London, Canada. A SpotOn\u2122 probe was applied on each patient's forehead, while an esophageal temperature probe was inserted, and both temperature readings were recorded at 1-min intervals for the duration of TTM.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Main outcomes and Measures<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We compared the SpotOn\u2122 and esophageal monitors using the Bland\u2013Altman analysis and the Pearson correlation, with accuracy set as a primary outcome. Secondary outcomes included precision and correlation. Bias exceeding 0.1\u00b0C and limits of agreement exceeding 0.5\u00b0C were considered clinically important.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Sixteen (80%) of patients had complete data used in the final analysis. The median (interquartile range) duration of recording was 38 (12\u201356) h. Compared to the esophageal probe, SpotOn\u2122 had a bias of 0.06 \u00b1 0.45\u00b0C and 95% limits of agreement of \u22120.83 to 0.95\u00b0C. The Pearson correlation coefficient was 0.97 (95% confidence interval 0.9663\u20130.9678), with a two-tailed\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &amp;lt; 0.0001.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion and Relevance<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The SpotOn\u2122 is an accurate method that may enable non-invasive monitoring of core body temperature during TTM, although its precision is slightly worse than the predefined 0.5\u00b0C when compared to invasive esophageal probe.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2022.810825","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,13]],"date-time":"2022-04-13T01:55:19Z","timestamp":1649814919000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Non-Invasive Monitoring of Core Body Temperature for Targeted Temperature Management in Post-Cardiac Arrest Care"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Kyle","family":"Fiorini","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tanya","family":"Tamasi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Justin","family":"Dorie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ahmed F.","family":"Hegazy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ting-Yim","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marat","family":"Slessarev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa012689","article-title":"Mild therapeutic hypothermia to improve the neurologic outcome after cardiac arrest","volume":"346","year":"2002","journal-title":"N Engl J Med."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa003289","article-title":"Treatment of comatose survivors of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest with induced hypothermia","volume":"346","author":"Bernard","year":"2002","journal-title":"N Engl J 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