{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,19]],"date-time":"2026-01-19T13:44:37Z","timestamp":1768830277278,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,25]],"date-time":"2022-02-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1645747200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Med."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Tracheal intubation is a necessary but risky procedure performed in emergency departments (EDs) around the world. Relatively high morbidity has been encountered in Chinese EDs, which has raised concerns about peri-intubation ED management. This study aimed to investigate intubation procedures and identify any areas for improvement in Chinese EDs.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This was a questionnaire-based survey lasting 1 month (March 2021) in 41 tertiary-care hospital EDs in mainland China. The primary outcome was complications associated with intubation. Secondary outcomes were the first-pass success rate and blood pressure variations during intubation. Univariate and binary logistic regression analyses were used to find possible risk factors for first-pass intubation failure.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>In total, 1,020 replies were analyzed out of 1,080 surveys submitted (94.4% response rate). Most patients were elderly men with severe medical conditions like cardiac arrest (24.8%). In total, 97.2% of patients were given preoxygenation, and 48.1% received some form of pretreatment. Induction drugs (e.g., etomidate and ketamine) were less often used: 39.9% of intubations used sedatives, 5.5% used analgesics, and only 5.3% used muscle relaxants. The overall first-pass intubation success rate was 85.7% and was accompanied by a 19.8% adverse event rate. A marked decrease in blood pressure after intubation was also identified.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>This survey found an 85.7% tracheal intubation first-pass success rate (which is relatively high compared to other countries) and a 19.8% adverse event rate (which is also relatively high). Given the very low rate of using induction medications (5.3% used muscle relaxants), future education should focus on induction drugs and traditional intubation techniques.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2022.813833","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,25]],"date-time":"2022-02-25T06:50:03Z","timestamp":1645771803000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Tracheal Intubation in Emergency Departments in China: A National Cross-Sectional Survey"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Yili","family":"Dai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joseph Harold","family":"Walline","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Heng","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Huadong","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jun","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xuezhong","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.1213\/ANE.0000000000003851","article-title":"Emergency department airway management responsibilities in the united states","volume":"128","author":"Chiaghana","year":"2019","journal-title":"Anesthesia & Analgesia."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2014.10.036","article-title":"Techniques, success, and adverse events of emergency department adult intubations","volume":"65","author":"Brown","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ann Emerg Med."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"632","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/aer059","article-title":"Major complications of airway management in the UK: Results of the fourth national audit project of the royal college of anaesthetists and the difficult airway society. 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