{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T23:46:38Z","timestamp":1788306398203,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":78,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,10]],"date-time":"2022-03-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1646870400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Med."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Renal transplantation (RTx) allows us to obtain the resolution of the uremic status but is not frequently able to solve all the metabolic complications present during end-stage renal disease. Mineral and bone disorders (MBDs) are frequent since the early stages of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and strongly influence the morbidity and mortality of patients with CKD. Some mineral metabolism (MM) alterations can persist in patients with RTx (RTx-p), as well as in the presence of complete renal function recovery. In those patients, anomalies of calcium, phosphorus, parathormone, fibroblast growth factor 23, and vitamin D such as bone and vessels are frequent and related to both pre-RTx and post-RTx specific factors. Many treatments are present for the management of post-RTx MBD. Despite that, the guidelines that can give clear directives in MBD treatment of RTx-p are still missed. For the future, to obtain an ever-greater individualisation of therapy, an increase of the evidence, the specificity of international guidelines, and more uniform management of these anomalies worldwide should be expected. In this review, the major factors related to post-renal transplant MBD (post-RTx-MBD), the main mineral metabolism biochemical anomalies, and the principal treatment for post-RTx MBD will be reported.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2022.821884","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,10]],"date-time":"2022-03-10T10:27:53Z","timestamp":1646908073000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Bone and Mineral Disorder in Renal Transplant Patients: Overview of Pathology, Clinical, and Therapeutic Aspects"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Paolo","family":"Molinari","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carlo Maria","family":"Alfieri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Deborah","family":"Mattinzoli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mariarosaria","family":"Campise","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Angela","family":"Cervesato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Silvia","family":"Malvica","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Evaldo","family":"Favi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Piergiorgio","family":"Messa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giuseppe","family":"Castellano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1566","DOI":"10.1097\/01.TP.0000131990.13277.28","article-title":"Early rapid loss followed by long-term consolidation characterizes the development of lumbar bone mineral density after kidney transplantation","volume":"77","author":"Brandenburg","year":"2004","journal-title":"Transplantation."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1846","DOI":"10.1097\/TP.0b013e3181a6bbda","article-title":"Risk of fractures after renal transplantation in the United States","volume":"87","author":"Nikkel","year":"2009","journal-title":"Transplantation."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115554","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2020.115554","article-title":"Fractures after kidney transplantation: Incidence, predictors, and association with mortality","volume":"140","author":"Iseri","year":"2020","journal-title":"Bone."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/j.surg.2021.03.067","article-title":"Prevalence and risk factors for tertiary hyperparathyroidism in kidney transplant recipients","volume":"171","author":"Sutton","year":"2022","journal-title":"Surgery"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins11020082","article-title":"Senescent Cells in Early Vascular Ageing and Bone Disease of Chronic Kidney Disease-A Novel Target for Treatment","volume":"11","author":"Hobson","year":"2019","journal-title":"Toxins (Basel)."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"721","DOI":"10.1016\/j.csbj.2019.06.015","article-title":"Early vascular ageing and cellular senescence in chronic kidney disease","volume":"17","author":"Dai","year":"2019","journal-title":"Comput Struct Biotechnol J"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5275","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20215275","article-title":"Anticoagulants and Osteoporosis","volume":"20","author":"Signorelli","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1038\/nrneph.2009.192","article-title":"Bone disease after renal transplantation","volume":"6","author":"Malluche","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nat Rev Nephrol."},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"290","DOI":"10.1097\/TP.0b013e3182985468","article-title":"Persistence of bone and mineral disorders 2 years after successful kidney transplantation","volume":"96","author":"Neves","year":"2013","journal-title":"Transplantation."},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1331","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2013080851","article-title":"Kidney transplantation with early corticosteroid withdrawal: paradoxical effects at the central and peripheral skeleton","volume":"25","author":"Iyer","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol."},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2704","DOI":"10.1016\/j.transproceed.2019.03.071","article-title":"KNOW-KT Study Group. 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