{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,17]],"date-time":"2026-10-17T16:36:45Z","timestamp":1792255005240,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":133,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,13]],"date-time":"2022-05-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1652400000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Med."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a systemic inflammatory disease, which primarily causes symmetric polyarthritis. An extrarticolar involvement is common, and the commonly involved organ is lungs. Although cardiac disease is responsible for most RA-related deaths, pulmonary disease is also a major contributor, accounting for ~10\u201320% of all mortality. Pulmonary disease is a common (60\u201380% of patients with RA) extra-articular complication of RA. Optimal screening, diagnostic, and treatment strategies of pulmonary disease remain uncertain, which have been the focus of an ongoing investigation. Clinicians should regularly assess patients with RA for the signs and symptoms of pulmonary disease and, reciprocally, consider RA and other connective tissue diseases when evaluating a patient with pulmonary disease of an unknown etiology. RA directly affects all anatomic compartments of the thorax, including the lung parenchyma, large and small airways, pleura, and less commonly vessels. In addition, pulmonary infection and drug-induced lung disease associated with immunosuppressive agents used for the treatment of RA may occur.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2022.837133","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,13]],"date-time":"2022-05-13T06:02:43Z","timestamp":1652421763000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":59,"title":["Interstitial Lung Disease in Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Practical Review"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Antonella","family":"Laria","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alfredo Maria","family":"Lurati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gaetano","family":"Zizzo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eleonora","family":"Zaccara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniela","family":"Mazzocchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katia Angela","family":"Re","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mariagrazia","family":"Marrazza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paola","family":"Faggioli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonino","family":"Mazzone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"596","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.56.10.596","article-title":"Pulmonary function tests and high resolution computed tomography of the lungs in patients with rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"56","author":"Cortet","year":"1997","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1007\/s00296-006-0234-0","article-title":"Radiological and functional assessment of pulmonary involvement in the rheumatoid arthritis patients","volume":"27","author":"Kanat","year":"2007","journal-title":"Rheumatol Int."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1513\/pats.200703-045MS","article-title":"Rheumatoid lung disease","volume":"4","author":"Brown","year":"2007","journal-title":"Proc Am Thorac Soc."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2014.12.004","article-title":"Lung disease in rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"41","author":"Yunt","year":"2015","journal-title":"Rheum Dis Clin North Am"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"372","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201004-0622OC","article-title":"Rheumatoid arthritis-interstitial lung disease-associated mortality","volume":"183","author":"Olson","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1186\/ar3097","article-title":"Interstitial lung disease in connective tissue diseases: evolving concepts of pathogenesis and management","volume":"12","author":"Castelino","year":"2010","journal-title":"Arthritis Res Ther."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1583","DOI":"10.1002\/art.27405","article-title":"Incidence and Mortality of Interstitial Lung Disease in Rheumatoid Arthritis A Population-Based Study","volume":"62","author":"Bongartz","year":"2010","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheumatism"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"611","DOI":"10.1007\/s10067-009-1128-9","article-title":"Rheumatoid arthritis (RA)-specific autoantibodies in patients with interstitial lung disease and absence of clinically apparent articular RA","volume":"28","author":"Gizinski","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin Rheumatol."},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1177\/1479972310393758","article-title":"Review series: aspects of interstitial lung disease: connective tissue disease-associated interstitial lung disease: how does it differ from IPF? 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