{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]],"date-time":"2025-07-30T15:59:55Z","timestamp":1753891195987,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":9,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,24]],"date-time":"2022-02-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1645660800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Med."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Pemphigus is an autoimmune disease that occurs mainly in elderly individuals. Young patients with pemphigus are rare, and the risk factors are unclear. The thymus is associated with a variety of autoimmune diseases, and there have been reports of pemphigus complicated with thymic diseases. Here, we report three cases of young patients with pemphigus that were associated with thymic anomalies. We suggest that thymic anomalies may be a risk factor for the early onset of pemphigus and may be associated with increased severity of the disease. Interventions for thymic diseases have certain benefits for improving the effect of treatments and prognosis of these patients.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2022.844223","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,24]],"date-time":"2022-02-24T06:10:26Z","timestamp":1645683026000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Case Report: Pemphigus in Young Patients With Thymic Anomalies"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Naiyu","family":"Lin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiaoli","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yuejiao","family":"Lang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jiande","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.1590\/abd1806-4841.20199011","article-title":"Pemphigus vulgaris","volume":"94","author":"Porro","year":"2019","journal-title":"An Bras Dermatol."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/j.revmed.2017.03.003","article-title":"[Thymoma and autoimmune diseases]","volume":"39","author":"Jamilloux","year":"2018","journal-title":"Rev Med Interne."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"586","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2019.07.029","article-title":"Associations of pemphigus or pemphigoid with autoimmune disorders in US adult inpatients","volume":"82","author":"Narla","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.23736\/S2784-8671.20.06706-1","article-title":"Autoreactive T cells in pemphigus: perpetrator and target","volume":"156","author":"Scarsella","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ital J Dermatol Venerol."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102661","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2020.102661","article-title":"The role of T cells in pemphigus vulgaris and bullous pemphigoid","volume":"19","author":"Fang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Autoimmun Rev."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2026763118","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2026763118","article-title":"Peripheral tolerance by Treg via constraining OX40 signal in autoreactive T cells against desmoglein 3, a target antigen in pemphigus","volume":"118","author":"Iriki","year":"2021","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"410","DOI":"10.1038\/jid.2010.330","article-title":"Aire-dependent thymic expression of desmoglein 3, the autoantigen in pemphigus vulgaris, and its role in T-cell tolerance","volume":"131","author":"Wada","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol."},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"742","DOI":"10.2169\/internalmedicine.39.742","article-title":"Thymoma with pemphigus foliaceus","volume":"39","author":"Takeshita","year":"2000","journal-title":"Intern Med."},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1016\/j.thorsurg.2018.12.008","article-title":"Non-Myasthenia Gravis Immune syndromes and the thymus: is there a role for thymectomy?","volume":"29","author":"Wightman","year":"2019","journal-title":"Thorac Surg Clin."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Medicine"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fmed.2022.844223\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,24]],"date-time":"2022-02-24T06:10:30Z","timestamp":1645683030000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fmed.2022.844223\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,24]]},"references-count":9,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fmed.2022.844223"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmed.2022.844223","relation":{},"ISSN":["2296-858X"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2296-858X"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,24]]},"article-number":"844223"}}