{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,7]],"date-time":"2026-05-07T21:47:17Z","timestamp":1778190437210,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,18]],"date-time":"2022-03-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1647561600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81770922"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81770922"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82070957"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82070957"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003399","name":"Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["19411961600"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["19411961600"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003399","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003399","name":"Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["201409006600"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["201409006600"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003399","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Med."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>To evaluate peripapillary vascular reactivity in primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) with and without high myopia (HM) by using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This prospective study enrolled 48 eyes with POAG, including 16 and 32 eyes with and without HM, respectively. The retinal peripapillary vessel density (VD) was repeatedly assessed using OCTA at baseline and after a hyperoxia test (breathing 80% oxygen). The VD changes between different oxygenation conditions were calculated to reflect the vasoreactivity. Linear regression was performed to determine the relationship between myopia and retinal vascular reactivity in patients with POAG. Systemic hemodynamic characteristics were also evaluated under both conditions.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The VD was significantly reduced after hyperoxia in the whole image (baseline and hyperoxia: 41.4 \u00b1 4.5 and 38.8 \u00b1 4.4, respectively, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &amp;lt; 0.001) and in the peripapillary regions (44.3 \u00b1 5.7 and 41.1 \u00b1 5.4, respectively, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &amp;lt; 0.001) in POAG eyes without HM. However, in eyes with HM, the whole-image VD in hyperoxia was not significantly different from the baseline (baseline and hyperoxia: 40.5 \u00b1 6.2 and 40.2 \u00b1 6.2, respectively, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.481). The VD changes in eyes with HM were significantly smaller than those in eyes without HM in both the whole image (0.3 \u00b1 1.8 and 2.6 \u00b1 2.0, respectively, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &amp;lt; 0.001) and peripapillary regions (1.1 \u00b1 2.0 and 3.2 \u00b1 2.3, respectively, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.003). Linear regression results showed a significant correlation between retinal vascular reactivity and spherical equivalent (SE) (\u03b2 = 0.28, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &amp;lt; 0.001, <jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> = 0.31) and axial length (AL) (\u03b2 = \u22120.72, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &amp;lt; 0.001, <jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> = 0.33).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Retinal vasoreactivity of peripapillary capillaries in POAG eyes with HM was significantly impaired in comparison with that in POAG eyes without HM. A lower peripapillary vascular response was significantly associated with worse SE and elongated AL.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2022.850483","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,18]],"date-time":"2022-03-18T05:10:07Z","timestamp":1647580207000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Peripapillary Vascular Reactivity in Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma With High Myopia by Using Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Xintong","family":"Fan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Huan","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ruyi","family":"Zhai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qilian","family":"Sheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yanan","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tingting","family":"Shao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiangmei","family":"Kong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"568","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1549-8719.2010.00045.x","article-title":"Vascular reactivity of optic nerve head and retinal blood vessels in glaucoma\u2013a review.","volume":"17","author":"Venkataraman","year":"2010","journal-title":"Microcirculation."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1711","DOI":"10.1016\/s0140-6736(04)16257-0","article-title":"Primary open-angle glaucoma.","volume":"363","author":"Weinreb","year":"2004","journal-title":"Lancet."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1989","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2011.03.012","article-title":"Myopia as a risk factor for open-angle glaucoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","volume":"118","author":"Marcus","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ophthalmology."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2012.07.065","article-title":"Differential associations of myopia with major age-related eye diseases: the Singapore Indian eye study.","volume":"120","author":"Pan","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ophthalmology."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2015.07.002","article-title":"The association of refractive error with glaucoma in a multiethnic population.","volume":"123","author":"Shen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ophthalmology."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1159\/000310760","article-title":"Severe myopia as a risk factor for progressive visual field loss in primary open-angle glaucoma.","volume":"211","author":"Chihara","year":"1997","journal-title":"Ophthalmologica."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"534","DOI":"10.1177\/112067210701700409","article-title":"Visual field damage and progression in glaucomatous myopic eyes.","volume":"17","author":"Perdicchi","year":"2007","journal-title":"Eur J Ophthalmol."},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1136\/bjophthalmol-2016-309389","article-title":"Optical coherence tomography angiography: an overview of the technology and an assessment of applications for clinical research.","volume":"101","author":"Koustenis","year":"2017","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol."},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.1136\/bjophthalmol-2018-312085","article-title":"Relationship between vessel density and visual field sensitivity in glaucomatous eyes with high myopia.","volume":"103","author":"Shin","year":"","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol."},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"807","DOI":"10.1136\/bjophthalmol-2019-314430","article-title":"Comparison of vascular-function and structure-function correlations in glaucomatous eyes with high myopia.","volume":"104","author":"Lee","year":"2020","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol."},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1097\/ijg.0000000000001408","article-title":"Evaluation of peripapillary choroidal microvasculature to detect glaucomatous damage in eyes with high myopia.","volume":"29","author":"Na","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Glaucoma."},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1061","DOI":"10.2147\/opth.S301781","article-title":"The role of multimodal approach in the assessment of glaucomatous damage in high myopes.","volume":"15","author":"Baptista","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Ophthalmol."},{"key":"B13","first-page":"60","article-title":"Evidence for tissue oxygen demand as the major factor causing autoregulation.","author":"Guyton","year":"1964","journal-title":"Circ Res."},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2501","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2013.05.017","article-title":"Reduced cerebrovascular reactivity in posterior cerebral arteries in patients with primary open-angle glaucoma.","volume":"120","author":"Zhang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ophthalmology."},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3181","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.17-21648","article-title":"The effect of systemic hyperoxia on optic nerve head blood flow in primary open-angle glaucoma patients.","volume":"58","author":"Kiyota","year":"2017","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci."},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"848","DOI":"10.1136\/bjophthalmol-2012-302779","article-title":"Effect of ageing on the retinal vascular responsiveness to flicker light in glaucoma patients and in ocular hypertension.","volume":"97","author":"Gugleta","year":"2013","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol."},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3287","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.15-16655","article-title":"Optical coherence tomography angiography of peripapillary retinal blood flow response to hyperoxia.","volume":"56","author":"Pechauer","year":"2015","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci."},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4464","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.16-19603","article-title":"Microcirculatory responses to hyperoxia in macular and peripapillary regions.","volume":"57","author":"Xu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci."},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.62.14.4","article-title":"Retinal microcirculatory responses to hyperoxia in primary open-angle glaucoma using optical coherence tomography angiography.","volume":"62","author":"Fan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci."},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.61.6.49","article-title":"Retinal vascular reactivity in type 1 diabetes patients without retinopathy using optical coherence tomography angiography.","volume":"61","author":"Sousa","year":"2020","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci."},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.81.5.365","article-title":"Effect of breathing 100% oxygen on retinal and optic nerve head capillary blood flow in smokers and non-smokers.","volume":"81","author":"Langhans","year":"1997","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol."},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"496","DOI":"10.1183\/16000617.0049-2016","article-title":"Oxygen, the lung and the diver: friends and foes?","volume":"25","author":"van Ooij","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur Respir Rev."},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"937","DOI":"10.1016\/s0022-2828(85)80074-2","article-title":"Oxygen\u2013mediated myocardial damage during ischaemia and reperfusion: role of the cellular defences against oxygen toxicity.","volume":"17","author":"Ferrari","year":"1985","journal-title":"J Mol Cell Cardiol."},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"OCT141","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.15-18917","article-title":"Retinal blood flow response to hyperoxia measured with en face doppler optical coherence tomography.","volume":"57","author":"Pechauer","year":"2016","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci."},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.2147\/mder.s4376","article-title":"The OxyMask(\u2122) development and performance in healthy volunteers.","volume":"2","author":"Paul","year":"2009","journal-title":"Med Devices (Auckl)."},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1322","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2014.01.021","article-title":"Optical coherence tomography angiography of optic disc perfusion in glaucoma.","volume":"121","author":"Jia","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ophthalmology."},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1386","DOI":"10.1136\/bjophthalmol-2012-301713","article-title":"Errors in neuroretinal rim measurement by cirrus high-definition optical coherence tomography in myopic eyes.","volume":"96","author":"Hwang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol."},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1613","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2006.03.059","article-title":"Risk factors for open-angle glaucoma in a Japanese population: the Tajimi study.","volume":"113","author":"Suzuki","year":"2006","journal-title":"Ophthalmology."},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4067","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.09-4301","article-title":"Adjusted peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer thickness measurements based on the optic nerve head scan angle.","volume":"51","author":"Hong","year":"2010","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci."},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7194","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.12-9726","article-title":"Retinal nerve fiber layer imaging with spectral-domain optical coherence tomography: interpreting the RNFL maps in healthy myopic eyes.","volume":"53","author":"Leung","year":"2012","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci."},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.2009.162206","article-title":"Peripapillary retinal nerve fibre layer thickness profile in subjects with myopia measured using the Stratus optical coherence tomography.","volume":"94","author":"Kim","year":"2010","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol."},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-011-1842-2","article-title":"Dynamics of retinal vessel response to flicker light in glaucoma patients and ocular hypertensives.","volume":"250","author":"Gugleta","year":"2012","journal-title":"Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol."},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2043","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.09-3630","article-title":"Retinal arteriolar vascular reactivity in untreated and progressive primary open-angle glaucoma.","volume":"51","author":"Venkataraman","year":"2010","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci."},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.62.1.30","article-title":"Longitudinal changes in macular optical coherence tomography angiography metrics in primary open-angle glaucoma with high myopia: a prospective study.","volume":"62","author":"Lin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci."},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2016.10.018","article-title":"Retinal microvascular network and microcirculation assessments in high myopia.","volume":"174","author":"Li","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Medicine"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fmed.2022.850483\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,18]],"date-time":"2022-03-18T05:10:11Z","timestamp":1647580211000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fmed.2022.850483\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,18]]},"references-count":35,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fmed.2022.850483"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmed.2022.850483","relation":{},"ISSN":["2296-858X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2296-858X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,18]]},"article-number":"850483"}}