{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,29]],"date-time":"2026-10-29T07:14:14Z","timestamp":1793258054334,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":92,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,8]],"date-time":"2022-04-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1649376000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Med."],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) is a replication-competent human retrovirus associated with two distinct types of diseases: a malignancy of mature CD4\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    T cells called adult T-cell leukemia-lymphoma (ATL) and a chronic inflammatory central nervous system disease HTLV-1-associated myelopathy\/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM\/TSP). It was the first human retrovirus ever associated with a human cancer. Although most HTLV-1-infected individuals remain asymptomatic for life, a subpopulation develops ATL or HAM\/TSP. Although the factors that cause these different manifestations of HTLV-1 infection are not fully understood, accumulating evidence suggests that the complex virus-host interactions, as well as the host immune response against HTLV-1 infection, appear to regulate the development of HTLV-1-associated diseases. This review outlines and discusses the current understanding, ongoing developments, and future perspectives of HTLV-1 research.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2022.867478","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,8]],"date-time":"2022-04-08T01:14:52Z","timestamp":1649380492000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Current Perspectives in Human T-Cell Leukemia Virus Type 1 Infection and Its Associated 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