{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T02:56:54Z","timestamp":1792724214883,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,29]],"date-time":"2022-04-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1651190400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Med."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>To evaluate the potential beneficial and synergistic effects of oral intake of a fixed combination of citicoline 500 mg plus homotaurine 50 mg (CIT\/HOMO) on retinal ganglion cell (RGC) function in subjects with glaucoma using pattern electroretinogram (PERG) and to investigate the effects on visual field and quality of life.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Consecutive patients with primary open-angle glaucoma with controlled IOP (&amp;lt;18 mmHg) receiving beta-blockers and prostaglandin analogs alone or as combination therapy (fixed or un-fixed); with stable disease (progression no more than \u22121 dB\/year at the visual field MD); and an early to moderate visual field defect (MD &amp;lt; \u221212 dB) were randomized to: arm A. topical therapy + CIT\/HOMO for 4 months, 2 months of wash out, 4 months of topical therapy alone; arm B. topical therapy alone for 4 months, topical therapy + CIT\/HOMO for 4 months, 2 months of wash out. All patients underwent 4 visits: complete ocular examination, visual field, PERG and quality of life assessment (NEI-VFQ25) were performed at each visit.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Fifty-seven patients completed the study: 26 in group A and 31 in group B. At the end of the intake period, PERG's P50 and N95 waves recorded a greater amplitude. The increase was statistically significant in the inferior and superior P50 waves amplitude: 0.47 \u03bcV (95%CI, 0.02\u20130.93; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.04) and 0.65 \u03bcV (95% CI, 0.16\u20131.13; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.009), respectively, and in the inferior N95 wave amplitude 0.63 \u03bcV (95% CI, 0.22\u20131.04; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.002). A significantly shorter peak time of 3.3 \u03bcV (95% CI, \u22126.01\u2013 \u22120.54; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.01) was observed for the superior P50 wave only.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Daily oral intake of the fixed combination CIT\/HOMO for 4 months improved the function of inner retinal cells recorded by PERG in the inferior and in the superior quadrants, independently from IOP reduction. This interesting association could represent a valid option for practicing neuromodulation in patients with glaucoma to prevent disease progression.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2022.882335","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,29]],"date-time":"2022-04-29T06:59:59Z","timestamp":1651215599000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Multicenter, Prospective, Randomized, Single Blind, Cross-Over Study on the Effect of a Fixed Combination of Citicoline 500 mg Plus Homotaurine 50 mg on Pattern Electroretinogram (PERG) in Patients With Open Angle Glaucoma on Well Controlled Intraocular Pressure"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Gemma Caterina Maria","family":"Rossi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Teresa","family":"Rolle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Annalisa","family":"De Silvestri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dario","family":"Sisto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alberto","family":"Mavilio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alessandra Venera","family":"Mirabile","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alessia","family":"Paviglianiti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Beatrice","family":"Strano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erica","family":"Picasso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gian Maria","family":"Pasinetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giovanni","family":"Milano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giulio","family":"Ruberto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"724447","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2021.724447","article-title":"Neuroinflammation and the visual system","volume":"12","author":"Rossi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Neurol."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9394(00)00538-9","article-title":"Advanced Glaucoma Intervention Study (AGIS):7. 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