{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T04:16:47Z","timestamp":1787026607519,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,10]],"date-time":"2022-05-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1652140800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000925","name":"National Health and Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000925","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Med."],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:list>\n                      <jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:label>\u2022<\/jats:label>\n                        <jats:p>In contrast to the prior voluntary system, since 2001, gene technology in Australia has been regulated under a legislated national Gene Technology Regulatory Scheme which is administered by the Gene Technology Regulator.<\/jats:p>\n                      <\/jats:list-item>\n                      <jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:label>\u2022<\/jats:label>\n                        <jats:p>The Scheme provides science-based assessment of the potential risks of gene technology to the health and safety of people and the environment.<\/jats:p>\n                      <\/jats:list-item>\n                      <jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:label>\u2022<\/jats:label>\n                        <jats:p>It complements the role of the Australian Therapeutic Goods Administration which regulates all therapeutic products in Australia to ensure they are safe and effective.<\/jats:p>\n                      <\/jats:list-item>\n                      <jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:label>\u2022<\/jats:label>\n                        <jats:p>Recent reforms to the Scheme contribute to, and anticipate, the continued safe development and delivery of gene-based human therapeutics in Australia as a successful model for other jurisdictions.<\/jats:p>\n                      <\/jats:list-item>\n                    <\/jats:list>\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2022.883434","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,10]],"date-time":"2022-05-10T03:33:32Z","timestamp":1652153612000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["20 Years of Legislation - How Australia Has Responded to the Challenge of Regulating Genetically Modified Organisms in the Clinic"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Gabrielle M.","family":"O\u2019Sullivan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joshua G.","family":"Philips","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heidi J.","family":"Mitchell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Dornbusch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John E. 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