{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]],"date-time":"2026-07-10T23:34:13Z","timestamp":1783726453114,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,25]],"date-time":"2022-04-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1650844800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010269","name":"Wellcome Trust","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010269","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010269","name":"Wellcome Trust","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010269","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Med."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) is a deltaretrovirus most prevalent in southwestern Japan, sub-Saharan Africa, Australia, South America, and the Caribbean. Latest figures approximate 10 million people worldwide to be infected with HTLV-1. This is likely a significant underestimation due to lack of screening in endemic areas and absence of seroconversion symptoms. The two primary diseases associated with HTLV-1 infection are adult T cell leukaemia-lymphoma, a malignant and, sometimes, aggressive cancer; and HTLV-1 associated myelopathy\/tropical spastic paraparesis, a debilitating neurological degenerative disease. Unfortunately, despite the poor prognosis, there is currently no effective treatment for HTLV-1 infection. We previously showed that integrase strand transfer inhibitors (INSTIs) clinically used for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) prophylaxis and treatment are also effective against HTLV-1 transmission <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>. In 2021 a new INSTI, cabotegravir, was approved by the FDA for HIV-1 treatment. We thus set out to evaluate its efficacy against HTLV-1 infection <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>. Strand transfer assays performed using recombinant HTLV-1 integrase treated with increasing concentrations of cabotegravir, effectively inhibited strand transfer activity, displaying an IC<jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub> of 77.8 \u00b1 22.4 nM. Furthermore, cabotegravir blocked HTLV-1 transmission in tissue culture; we determined an EC<jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub> of 0.56 \u00b1 0.26 nM, similar to bictegravir. Alu-PCR confirmed the block in integration. Thus, there are four INSTIs and one reverse transcriptase inhibitor approved by the FDA for HIV-1 treatment, that potently block HTLV-1 infection <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>. This should strongly encourage the establishment of a new standard of HTLV-1 treatment \u2013 particularly for pre-exposure prophylaxis and prevention of mother-to-child transmission.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2022.889621","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,25]],"date-time":"2022-04-25T10:53:21Z","timestamp":1650884001000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Cabotegravir, the Long-Acting Integrase Strand Transfer Inhibitor, Potently Inhibits Human T-Cell Lymphotropic Virus Type 1 Transmission in vitro"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Bethany S.","family":"Schneiderman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michal S.","family":"Barski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Goedele 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