{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T04:17:35Z","timestamp":1787026655290,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,21]],"date-time":"2022-06-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1655769600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Med."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Alopecia areata (AA) is an autoimmune hair loss mediated by CD8 + T cells. Treatment for moderate-to-severe AA is still challenging. Janus kinase inhibitors, such as tofacitinib, have been recently investigated as a promising treatment option for AA. Evidence on the combination use of oral tofacitinib and systemic corticosteroids (SCs) for AA is still lacking.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To compare the efficacy and safety of monotherapy of oral tofacitinib and SCs, as well as their combination in patients with moderate-to-severe AA.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Patients with moderate-to-severe AA, who have been treated with at least 3 months of monotherapy of tofacitinib or SCs, or in their combination, were included in this study. The efficacy and adverse events of these treatments were retrospectively analyzed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Sixty-one patients with moderate-to-severe AA were included in this study. There were 12 (66.7%) of 18 patients in the SCs group, 12 (60.0%) of 20 patients in the tofacitinib group, and 18 (78.3%) of 23 patients achieved SALT\n                      <jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>\n                      , with no significant difference among the three groups. The ratio of patients who achieved SALT\n                      <jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>\n                      was significantly higher in patients with a short duration of current hair loss episode (\u22642 years) than in those with a duration of current hair loss episode (&amp;gt;2 years) in all the three groups. There were 66.7% patients in the SCs group, 35.0% patients in the tofacitinib group, and 56.5% patients in the combined group that showed adverse effects.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Tofacitinib was an effective treatment for patients with moderate-to-severe AA, and it was more tolerated than SCs. A combination of tofacitinib and SCs may have higher efficacy than SCs alone. Efficacy significantly decreased in patients with a current episode of disease for more than 2 years.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2022.891434","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,21]],"date-time":"2022-06-21T02:31:00Z","timestamp":1655778660000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Oral Tofacitinib and Systemic Corticosteroids, Alone or in Combination, in Patients With Moderate-to-Severe Alopecia Areata: A Retrospective Study"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Wenxin","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiangqian","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Baifu","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jianzhong","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kara Melissa 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