{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,4]],"date-time":"2026-11-04T19:03:37Z","timestamp":1793819017926,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,17]],"date-time":"2022-06-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1655424000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Med."],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    The relationship between\n                    <jats:italic>Helicobacter pylori<\/jats:italic>\n                    (\n                    <jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) infection and Portal hypertensive gastropathy (PHG) is still a debatable matter. The aim of this study is to find out how common\n                    <jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic>\n                    infection is in cirrhotic patients with PHG and to see if there\u2019s a link between\n                    <jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic>\n                    infection and PHG severity. Out of 340 cirrhotic patients who had upper Gastrointestinal Tract (GIT) endoscopy for early varices screening, 160 cirrhotic patients were selected and divided into 2 groups; 80 cirrhotic patients with PHG (cases) and 80 cirrhotic patients without PHG (controls). Gastric biopsies were taken from all enrolled patients for histological evaluation for the presence or absence of\n                    <jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic>\n                    infection.\n                    <jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic>\n                    was found in 44 cirrhotic patients (55%) who had PHG (cases), compared to 22 cirrhotic patients (27.5%) who did not have PHG (controls). The prevalence of\n                    <jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic>\n                    infection was significantly higher in patients with PHG (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    &amp;lt; 0.001). The severity of PHG was associated with\n                    <jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic>\n                    infection (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    &amp;lt; 0.001). The response to eradication therapy of\n                    <jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic>\n                    infection was must better in patients without PHG (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 0.045). By multi-variant analysis,\n                    <jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic>\n                    infection, splenic diameter, and portal vein diameter were independent predictors for PHG presence. After treating\n                    <jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic>\n                    infection in patients who tested positive for\n                    <jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic>\n                    , there was a significant reduction in PHG severity (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    &amp;lt; 0.001). Patients with PHG have a greater prevalence of\n                    <jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic>\n                    infection. PHG is more severe in patients infected with\n                    <jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic>\n                    . To improve PHG severity, cirrhotic patients must have their\n                    <jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic>\n                    infection eradicated.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2022.902255","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,17]],"date-time":"2022-06-17T09:34:00Z","timestamp":1655458440000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Helicobacter pylori Infection in Cirrhotic Patients With Portal Hypertensive Gastropathy: A New Enigma?"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Sumaiah J.","family":"Alarfaj","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sally","family":"Abdallah Mostafa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ramy A.","family":"Abdelsalam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Walaa A.","family":"Negm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thanaa A.","family":"El-Masry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ismail A.","family":"Hussein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ahmed Mohamed","family":"El Nakib","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"564","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.13073","article-title":"Chronic liver disease and 90-day mortality in 21 359 patients following peptic ulcer bleeding\u2013a nationwide cohort study.","volume":"41","author":"Holland-Bill","year":"2015","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7411","DOI":"10.2147\/JIR.S345780","article-title":"Antimicrobial activity of Brassica rapa L. Flowers extract on gastrointestinal tract infections and antiulcer potential against indomethacin-induced gastric ulcer in rats supported by metabolomics profiling.","volume":"14","author":"Alotaibi","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Inflamm Res."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2888","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2000.03200.x","article-title":"The natural history of portal hypertensive gastropathy: influence of variceal eradication.","volume":"95","author":"Sarin","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1053\/gast.2000.8555","article-title":"Natural history of portal hypertensive gastropathy in patients with liver cirrhosis.","volume":"119","author":"Primignani","year":"2000","journal-title":"Gastroenterology."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1959","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2004.40246.x","article-title":"The natural history of portal hypertensive gastropathy in patients with liver cirrhosis and mild portal hypertension.","volume":"99","author":"Merli","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am Coll Gastroenterol."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2973","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2002.07094.x","article-title":"Portal hypertensive gastropathy.","volume":"97","author":"Thuluvath","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1199","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.27.10.1199","article-title":"Portal hypertensive gastric mucosa: an endoscopic study.","volume":"27","author":"Papazian","year":"1986","journal-title":"Gut."},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(90)91305-P","article-title":"Gastroesophageal endoscopic features in cirrhosis: observer variability, interassociations, and relationship to hepatic dysfunction.","volume":"98","author":"Cal\u00e9s","year":"1990","journal-title":"Gastroenterology."},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.1155\/2004\/150674","article-title":"Active peptic ulcer disease in patients with hepatitis C virus-related cirrhosis: the role of Helicobacter pylori infection and portal hypertensive gastropathy.","volume":"18","author":"Dore","year":"2004","journal-title":"Can J Gastroenterol."},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"717","DOI":"10.1097\/00042737-200207000-00002","article-title":"Helicobacter pylori is a risk factor for peptic ulcer disease in cirrhotic patients. A meta-analysis.","volume":"14","author":"Vergara","year":"2002","journal-title":"Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol."},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.4103\/1319-3767.32186","article-title":"Does Helicobacter pylori affect portal hypertensive gastropathy?","volume":"13","author":"Al Mofleh","year":"2007","journal-title":"Saudi J Gastroenterol."},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.4103\/1687-1693.200147","article-title":"Prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection in patients with portal hypertensive gastropathy owing to liver cirrhosis in upper Egypt.","volume":"14","author":"Eid","year":"2016","journal-title":"Al-Azhar Assiut Med J."},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"983","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2006.00461.x","article-title":"Portal hypertensive gastropathy in chronic hepatitis C patients with bridging fibrosis and compensated cirrhosis: results from the HALT-C trial.","volume":"101","author":"Fontana","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am Coll Gastroenterol."},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"990","DOI":"10.1053\/jhep.2001.28507","article-title":"Defective mitogen-activated protein kinase (ERK2) signaling in gastric mucosa of portal hypertensive rats: potential therapeutic implications.","volume":"34","author":"Kawanaka","year":"2001","journal-title":"Hepatology."},{"key":"B15","first-page":"527","article-title":"Correlations of portal hypertensive gastropathy of hepatitis B cirrhosis with other factors.","volume":"1","author":"Pan","year":"2002","journal-title":"Hepatobiliary Pancreat Dis Int."},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-62703-005-2_23","article-title":"Innate immune responses to Helicobacter pylori infection: an overview.","volume":"921","author":"Patel","year":"2012","journal-title":"Methods Mol Biol."},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"582","DOI":"10.1016\/s0016-5107(92)70522-7","article-title":"Effects of endoscopic injection sclerotherapy on portal hypertensive gastropathy: a prospective study.","volume":"38","author":"Tanoue","year":"1992","journal-title":"Gastroint Endosc."},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2016.563","article-title":"ACG clinical guideline: treatment of Helicobacter pylori infection.","volume":"112","author":"Chey","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am Coll Gastroenterol."},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3350\/cmh.2014.20.1.1","article-title":"Management of portal hypertensive gastropathy and other bleeding.","volume":"20","author":"Chung","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin Mol Hepatol."},{"key":"B20","first-page":"168","article-title":"Helicobacter pylori in Egyptian patients with HCV-related liver cirrhosis and portal hypertensive gastropathy: prevalence and relation to disease severity.","volume":"12","author":"Safwat","year":"2015","journal-title":"Life Sci J."},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.4103\/1319-3767.129477","article-title":"Effect of Helicobacter pylori and its virulence factors on portal hypertensive gastropathy and interleukin (IL)-8, IL-10, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha levels.","volume":"20","author":"Abbas","year":"2014","journal-title":"Saudi J Gastroenterol."},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.3904\/kjim.2008.23.1.16","article-title":"Helicobacter pylori infection and peptic ulcer disease in patients with liver cirrhosis.","volume":"23","author":"Kim","year":"2008","journal-title":"Korean J Intern Med."},{"key":"B23","first-page":"61","article-title":"Helicobacter pylori infection is associated with portal\u0131 hypertensive gastropathy in patients with liver cirrhosis\u0131.","volume":"11","author":"El-Toukhy","year":"2021","journal-title":"Afro Egypt J Infect Endem Dis."},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.4103\/0974-777X.59244","article-title":"Helicobacter pylori and hepatitis C virus coinfection in Egyptian patients.","volume":"2","author":"El-Masry","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Glob Infect Dis."},{"key":"B25","first-page":"43","article-title":"Non-endoscopic predictors of esophageal varices and portal hypertensive gastropathy.","volume":"8","author":"Nashaat","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nat Sci."},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1097\/MEG.0000000000000234","article-title":"Portal hypertensive gastropathy in cirrhotics without varices: a case\u2013control study.","volume":"27","author":"Zardi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol."},{"key":"B27","first-page":"48","article-title":"Helicobacter pylori infection in patients with liver cirrhosis: prevalence and association with portal hypertensive gastropathy.","volume":"27","author":"Sathar","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ann Gastroenterol."},{"key":"B28","first-page":"597","article-title":"Correlation of portal hypertensive gastropathy with Helicobacter pylori infection, liver dysfunction, hypersplenism and oesophageal varices.","volume":"77","author":"Hammad","year":"2009","journal-title":"Med J Cairo Univ."},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"578","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hbpd.2018.10.007","article-title":"Helicobacter pylori and portal hypertensive gastropathy.","volume":"17","author":"Hu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Hepatobiliary Pancreat Dis Int."},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"965","DOI":"10.1007\/s12072-016-9711-z","article-title":"Effect of endoscopic variceal obliteration by band ligation on portal hypertensive gastro-duodenopathy: endoscopic and pathological study.","volume":"10","author":"Elwakil","year":"2016","journal-title":"Hepatol Int."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Medicine"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fmed.2022.902255\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,21]],"date-time":"2022-06-21T08:59:45Z","timestamp":1655801985000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fmed.2022.902255\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,17]]},"references-count":30,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fmed.2022.902255"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmed.2022.902255","relation":{},"ISSN":["2296-858X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2296-858X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,17]]},"article-number":"902255"}}