{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,27]],"date-time":"2026-10-27T17:41:51Z","timestamp":1793122911273,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":71,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,26]],"date-time":"2022-05-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1653523200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Med."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>The purpose of the study was to assess the efficacy of topographical and tomographical indices given by the Pentacam (pachymetric, tomopetric, and aberometric) in clinical and subclinical keratoconus (KCN) diagnosis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Material and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>In this observational analytic retrospective study, patients with abnormal findings in topography and tomography maps but with no signs on clinical examination (subclinical KCN group, sKCN), patients with clinical keratoconus (KCN group), and healthy subjects (Control group) were evaluated.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The KCN group proved significantly different (p &amp;lt; 0.001) values of the investigated parameters than the Control group. Eleven out of 28 investigated parameters proved significantly different in the sKCN group compared to controls (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &amp;lt; 0.001). Two topographic measurements, namely I-S (cut-off = 1.435, a large value indicates the presence of KCN) and CCT (cut-off = 537, a small value indicates the presence of KCN), showed AUCs equal to 1 [0.999 to 1]. Six other Pentacam measurements, including Back maximum keratometry (Back Kmax) proved to be excellent parameters for case-finding and screening. In distinguishing sKCN from normal eyes, Pentacam index of vertical asymmetry (IVA), inferior-superior difference (I-S) value, thinnest point (TP), Belin Ambrosio Enhanced Ectasia Display (BAD_D) and root mean square total (RMS total) performed best.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>In distinguishing sKCN from normal eyes, Back Kmax, IVA, I-S, and RMS total values demonstrated higher accuracy and utility. Six indices, namely ISV, IVA, KISA, PRC, RMS-HOA, and Back Kmax demonstrate excellent utility in case-finding and screening for clinical KCN.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2022.904604","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,3]],"date-time":"2022-06-03T11:27:18Z","timestamp":1654255638000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Performances of Corneal Topography and Tomography in the Diagnosis of Subclinical and Clinical Keratoconus"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Cristina Ariadna","family":"Nicula","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adriana Elena","family":"Bulboac\u0103","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dorin","family":"Nicula","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ariadna Patricia","family":"Nicula","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karin Ursula","family":"Horvath","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sorana D.","family":"Bolboac\u0103","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(93)31673-8","article-title":"Videokeratography of the fellow eye in unilateral keratoconus","volume":"100","author":"Rabinowitz","year":"1993","journal-title":"Ophthalmology."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.1097\/ICL.0000000000000812","article-title":"Estimated prevalence of keratoconus in the United States from a large vision insurance database","volume":"47","author":"Munir","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eye Contact Lens."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1111\/opo.12448","article-title":"High prevalence and familial aggregation of keratoconus in an Iranian rural population: a population-based study","volume":"38","author":"Hashemi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Physiol Opt."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2018.04.027","article-title":"Prevalence and incidence of keratoconus in South Korea: a nationwide population-based study","volume":"192","author":"Hwang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e694","DOI":"10.1111\/aos.14668","article-title":"Prevalence, and incidence of keratoconus in Norway: a nationwide register study","volume":"99","author":"Kristianslund","year":"2021","journal-title":"Acta Ophthalmol."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1097\/ICL.0000000000000589","article-title":"Heritability of corneal curvature and pentacam topometric indices: a population-based study","volume":"45","author":"Heydarian","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eye Contact Lens."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19294","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms140919294","article-title":"BlasiakJ, Szaflik J, Szaflik JP. 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