{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,28]],"date-time":"2026-03-28T06:05:56Z","timestamp":1774677956797,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,15]],"date-time":"2022-06-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1655251200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Med."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Traditional testing for specific microbes or categories of central nervous system (CNS) infectious diseases is often limited in sensitivity and timeliness. However, failure to initiate a timely etiological diagnosis and corresponding treatment in patients with neurologic infections contribute to poor outcomes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Case Summary<\/jats:title><jats:p>A 58 year-old male presented acutely with fever, abnormal mental behavior, seizures and decreased consciousness. Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed an abnormal FLAIR\/T2 signal mainly in the left thalamus, temporal lobe, insular lobe, and bilateral hippocampus. To identify the pathogen, the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) sample of the patient was used for metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) analysis and multiplex polymerase chain reaction (mPCR). The results showed 188 herpes simplex virus (HSV-1)-specific sequences. After acyclovir and foscarnet sodium treatment, the ratio of HSV-1\/internal reference reads decreased from 813\/493 to 695\/1961, which coincided with clinical remission.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study indicates that mNGS combined with mPCR may be an effective method for etiological diagnostic and dynamic clinical surveillance for HSV-1 encephalitis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2022.905350","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,15]],"date-time":"2022-06-15T05:30:36Z","timestamp":1655271036000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Next-Generation Sequencing Technology Combined With Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction as a Powerful Detection and Semiquantitative Method for Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 in Adult Encephalitis: A Case 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