{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T17:30:31Z","timestamp":1789666231212,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,15]],"date-time":"2022-06-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1655251200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Med."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>To assess (1) the overlap rate of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and functional dyspepsia (FD) and (2) the yield of esophagogastroduodenoscopy in patients clinically presenting with FD.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Outpatients aged \u226518 years with typical reflux symptoms \u22652 times a week or clinically fulfilling the Rome IV criteria for FD were recruited and underwent esophagogastroduodenoscopy. GERD was classified into non-erosive reflux disease (NERD) and erosive reflux disease (ERD), and FD was classified into epigastric pain syndrome and postprandial distress syndrome. The endoscopic findings that could explain patients\u2019 symptoms were considered clinically significant endoscopic findings. After esophagogastroduodenoscopy, patients were categorized into three groups: GERD-only, FD-only, and GERD-FD overlap.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>There were 439 patients with a mean age of 42.3 \u00b1 11.6 years. Ninety-one (20.7%) patients had clinically significant endoscopic findings: 73 (16.6%) reflux esophagitis, 6 (1.4%) Barrett\u2019s esophagus and 14 (3.2%) gastroduodenal ulcers. After excluding gastroduodenal ulcers, the numbers of patients with GERD-only, FD-only, and GERD-FD overlap were 69 (16.2%), 138 (32.5%), and 218 (51.3%), respectively. Postprandial distress syndrome was more prevalent in GERD-FD overlap than in FD-only (72.9 vs. 44.2%, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &amp;lt; 0.001). The rates of gastroduodenal ulcers in patients clinically fulfilling the criteria for FD with and without reflux symptoms were 0.6 and 4.7%, respectively (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.027).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The GERD-FD overlap was more common than each disorder alone, of which postprandial distress syndrome was significantly prominent. Organic dyspepsia was uncommon in patients clinically fulfilling the Rome IV criteria for FD.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2022.910929","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,15]],"date-time":"2022-06-15T08:06:13Z","timestamp":1655280373000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Overlap of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease and Functional Dyspepsia and Yield of Esophagogastroduodenoscopy in Patients Clinically Fulfilling the Rome IV Criteria for Functional Dyspepsia"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Duc Trong","family":"Quach","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Quoc Van","family":"Ha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chuyen Thi-Ngoc","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Quang Dinh","family":"Le","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Doan Thi-Nha","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nhu Thi-Hanh","family":"Vu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ngoc Le-Bich","family":"Dang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nhan Quang","family":"Le","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1380","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2016.02.011","article-title":"Gastroduodenal disorders.","volume":"150","author":"Stanghellini","year":"2016","journal-title":"Gastroenterology."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1097\/mcg.0000000000000854","article-title":"World gastroenterology organisation global guidelines.","volume":"51","author":"Hunt","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Clin Gastroenterol."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1167","DOI":"10.14309\/ajg.0000000000000619","article-title":"Gastroesophageal reflux disease-functional dyspepsia overlap: do birds of a feather flock together?","volume":"115","author":"Geeraerts","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1177\/2050640615600114","article-title":"Symptom burden and consulting behavior in patients with overlapping functional disorders in the US population.","volume":"4","author":"Vakil","year":"2016","journal-title":"United European Gastroenterol J."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2017.07.041","article-title":"Prevalence of dyspepsia in individuals with gastroesophageal reflux-type symptoms in the community: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","volume":"16","author":"Eusebi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3565","DOI":"10.31557\/APJCP.2018.19.12.3565","article-title":"Helicobacter pylori infection and related gastrointestinal diseases in southeast asian countries: an expert opinion survey.","volume":"19","author":"Quach","year":"2018","journal-title":"Asian Pac J Cancer Prev."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"580","DOI":"10.1002\/jgh3.12536","article-title":"Clinical characteristics and risk factors of gastroesophageal reflux disease in Vietnamese patients with upper gastrointestinal symptoms undergoing esophagogastroduodenoscopy.","volume":"5","author":"Quach","year":"2021","journal-title":"JGH Open."},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2017.09.006","article-title":"The role of smoking and alcohol behaviour in management of functional gastrointestinal disorders.","volume":"31","author":"Ohlsson","year":"2017","journal-title":"Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol."},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1746.2006.04801.x","article-title":"Evaluation of a local rapid urease test for Helicobacter pylori diagnosis in comparison with pyloritek.","volume":"21","author":"Quach","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Gastroenterol Hepatol."},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.5009\/gnl.2014.8.2.160","article-title":"The risk factors and quality of life in patients with overlapping functional dyspepsia or peptic ulcer disease with gastroesophageal reflux disease.","volume":"8","author":"Lee","year":"2014","journal-title":"Gut Liver."},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1177\/2050640615600114","article-title":"Symptom burden and consulting behavior in patients with overlapping functional disorders in the US population.","volume":"4","author":"Vakil","year":"2015","journal-title":"United European Gastroenterol J."},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.5056\/jnm21047","article-title":"Sex and gender differences in overlap syndrome of functional gastrointestinal disorder and effect of genetic polymorphisms in South Korea: a long-term follow-up study.","volume":"28","author":"Lee","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Neurogastroenterol Motil."},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2982.2011.01845.x","article-title":"Overlap of dyspepsia and gastroesophageal reflux in the general population: one disease or distinct entities?","volume":"24","author":"Choung","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neurogastroenterol Motil."},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1038\/nrgastro.2013.14","article-title":"Functional dyspepsia\u2014symptoms, definitions and validity of the Rome III criteria.","volume":"10","author":"Tack","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol."},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1111\/nmo.12305","article-title":"The gastric accommodation response to meal intake determines the occurrence of transient lower esophageal sphincter relaxations and reflux events in patients with gastro-esophageal reflux disease.","volume":"26","author":"Pauwels","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neurogastroenterol Motil."},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.5056\/jnm.2010.16.2.148","article-title":"Overlap of erosive and non-erosive reflux diseases with functional gastrointestinal disorders according to Rome III criteria.","volume":"16","author":"Noh","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Neurogastroenterol Motil."},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"767","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2013.89","article-title":"Symptom overlap between postprandial distress and epigastric pain syndromes of the Rome III dyspepsia classification.","volume":"108","author":"Vakil","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol."},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"830","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2010.05.031","article-title":"What is the prevalence of clinically significant endoscopic findings in subjects with dyspepsia? Systematic review and meta-analysis.","volume":"8","author":"Ford","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol."},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/1184848","article-title":"Age cutoff and yield of prompt esophagogastroduodenoscopy to detect malignancy in Vietnamese with upper gastrointestinal symptoms: an endoscopic database review of 472,744 patients from 2014 to 2019.","volume":"2021","author":"Quach","year":"2021","journal-title":"Can J Gastroenterol Hepatol."},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1007\/s00535-021-01843-7","article-title":"Evidence-based clinical practice guidelines for functional dyspepsia 2021.","volume":"57","author":"Miwa","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Gastroenterol."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Medicine"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fmed.2022.910929\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,15]],"date-time":"2022-06-15T08:06:18Z","timestamp":1655280378000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fmed.2022.910929\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,15]]},"references-count":20,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fmed.2022.910929"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmed.2022.910929","relation":{},"ISSN":["2296-858X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2296-858X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,15]]},"article-number":"910929"}}