{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,14]],"date-time":"2026-07-14T15:33:15Z","timestamp":1784043195269,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,8]],"date-time":"2022-09-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1662595200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Med."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Overhydration (OH) is common in peritoneal dialysis (PD) and increases the cardiovascular risk. Multifrequency bioimpedance spectroscopy (BIS) has been proposed to estimate the hydration in dialysis. Our objective was to evaluate if BIS is superior than control based on clinical assessment plus single-frequency bioimpedance (SF-BIA) on the fluid control and intermediate cardiovascular outcomes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Randomized controlled study in adult PD patients, with a 9-month follow-up, allocated into two groups: control and BIS. Data were collected from medical records. SF-BIA and BIS, laboratory exams, ambulatory blood pressure monitoring, echocardiography (ECHO), and pulse wave velocity (PWV) were evaluated. The BIS data were available to the medical team only in BIS group.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>34 patients completed the study, 17 in each group. At the endpoint the BIS group had a significant (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &amp;lt; 0.05) greater proportion of patients with OH\/extracellular water (OH\/ECW%) \u2264 15% than the control (94.1% vs. 52.9%), and a lower OH mean (2.1 \u00b1 1.6 vs. 0.9 \u00b1 1.1 L). The control group has a significant increase in the tumor necrosis factor alpha median concentration from baseline to six [11.9 (6.0\u201324.1) vs. 44.7 (9.4\u201370.6) pg\/ml] and 9 months [11.9 (6.0\u201324.1) vs. 39.4 (27.9\u201362.6) pg\/ml], and in the N-terminal fragment of pro-B-type natriuretic peptide median [239 (171.5\u2013360.5) vs. 356 (219\u20131,555) pg\/ml]. For cardiovascular parameters, BIS group presented a significant reduction in radial PWV [7.7 (6.9\u20139.2) vs. 6.5 (5.5\u20138.4) m\/s] at 9 month, while in the control presented a significant increase in mean central systolic blood pressure (BP) (106.8 \u00b1 11.2 vs. 117.6 \u00b1 16.5 mmHg) and in central diastolic BP (90.4 \u00b1 9.8 vs. 103.3 \u00b1 12.5 mmHg) at 9 months. The left ventricular mass (LVM)\/body surface presented a significant reduction in the control (109.6 \u00b1 30.8 vs. 101.2 \u00b1 28.9 g\/m<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>) and BIS group (107.7 \u00b1 24.9 vs. 96.1 \u00b1 27.0 g\/m<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>) at 9 months.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The results suggest BIS is superior than the clinical evaluation plus SF-BIA for the fluid control of PD patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Clinical trial registration<\/jats:title><jats:p>[<jats:ext-link>https:\/\/www.ClinicalTrials.gov<\/jats:ext-link>], identifier [RBR-10k8j3bx].<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2022.911047","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,8]],"date-time":"2022-09-08T05:43:07Z","timestamp":1662615787000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Multifrequency bioimpedance by spectroscopy vs. routine 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