{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,21]],"date-time":"2026-06-21T07:03:41Z","timestamp":1782025421011,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":97,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,10]],"date-time":"2022-11-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1668038400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010618","name":"Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010618","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100012829","name":"Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100012829","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Med."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Migraine is a chronic neurological disease causing significant socioeconomic burden and impaired quality of life. Chinese medicine is commonly used for migraine in China. Clinical trials have generated evidence of the effectiveness of Chinese medicine therapies for migraine. However, little is known about how to use these therapies to treat migraine in real-world clinical settings.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>In this retrospective study, we analyzed data from the electronic medical records (EMRs) of 2,023 migraine patients who attended the Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine (GPHCM) between July 2018 and July 2020.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>More than three-quarters (77.21%) of the patients were female. Most (78.20%) of the patients were aged between 18 and 50 years, 18.49% were aged above 50 years, and the remaining 3.31% were under 18 years. Sleep disorders were the most documented comorbidity occurring in 27.29% of patients, and more common in females (29.77%) than male (18.87%). Fatigue was the most frequently reported trigger of migraine attacks among all patients (9.39%), while menstruation was the most common trigger for female patients (10.24%). Less than a quarter of patients (21.01%) reported a history of taking analgesic medication for their migraine. The median treatment duration reported by the patients was 10 days. Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) was the predominant treatment for migraine at the hospital (88.48%), while pharmacotherapies were prescribed to 28.97% of the patients. CHM was prescribed more often as a sole treatment (53.58% of patients) than combined with pharmacotherapies (27.39% of patients). Among patients who reported improvements after taking CHM, the most frequently used herbs were <jats:italic>fu ling<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>chuan xiong<\/jats:italic>, the most frequent patented CHM product was <jats:italic>tong tian<\/jats:italic> oral solution, and the main herbal formulae were <jats:italic>chuan xiong cha tiao san<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>yi qi cong ming tang<\/jats:italic>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>CHM formulae, such as <jats:italic>chuan xiong cha tiao san<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>yi qi cong ming tang<\/jats:italic>, patented CHM product <jats:italic>tong tian<\/jats:italic> oral solution, and some herbs are potentially effective treatments for migraine. As such, CHM can be used as an alternative to conventional pharmacotherapies for migraine and is worth further evaluation in randomized controlled trials.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2022.936234","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,10]],"date-time":"2022-11-10T06:27:06Z","timestamp":1668061626000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Chinese herbal medicine for migraine management: A hospital-based retrospective analysis of electronic medical records"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Shaohua","family":"Lyu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claire Shuiqing","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jingbo","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heng","family":"Weng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charlie Changli","family":"Xue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xinfeng","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anthony Lin","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1177\/0333102417738202","article-title":"Headache classification committee of the international headache society (IHS). The international classification of headache disorders 3rd edition.","volume":"38","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cephalalgia"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1526-4610.2007.00993.x","article-title":"Comorbidity of migraine and psychiatric disorders\u2013a national population-based study.","volume":"48","author":"Jette","year":"2008","journal-title":"Headache."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1186\/s10194-017-0756-8","article-title":"Insufficient sleep is prevalent among migraineurs: a population-based study.","volume":"18","author":"Kim","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Headache Pain."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1007\/s13760-016-0723-1","article-title":"Sleep quality, morningness-eveningness preference, mood profile, and levels of serum melatonin in migraine patients: a case-control study.","volume":"117","author":"Kozak","year":"2017","journal-title":"Acta Neurol Belg."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"855","DOI":"10.1177\/0333102417716936","article-title":"Short sleep duration and poor sleep quality among migraineurs: a population-based study.","volume":"38","author":"Song","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cephalalgia."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S117","DOI":"10.1007\/s10072-012-1055-4","article-title":"Migraine and depression comorbidity: antidepressant options.","volume":"33","author":"Torta","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neurol Sci."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1919","DOI":"10.1177\/0333102418764888","article-title":"Lifestyle factors and risk of migraine and tension-type headache. Follow-up data from the nord-tr\u00f8ndelag health surveys 1995-1997 and 2006-2008.","volume":"38","author":"Hagen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cephalalgia."},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2364","DOI":"10.1111\/head.13960","article-title":"Development and internal validation of a multivariable prediction model for individual episodic migraine attacks based on daily trigger exposures.","volume":"60","author":"Holsteen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Headache."},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"954","DOI":"10.1016\/s1474-4422(18)30322-3","article-title":"Global, regional, and national burden of migraine and tension-type headache, 1990\u20132016: a systematic analysis for the Global burden of disease study 2016.","volume":"17","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol."},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1002\/psb.1697","article-title":"SIGN on the pharmacological management of migraine.","volume":"29","author":"Chaplin","year":"2018","journal-title":"Prescriber."},{"key":"B11","first-page":"721","article-title":"Guide to the prevention and treatment of migraine in China [in Chinese].","volume":"22","year":"2016","journal-title":"Chin J Pain Med."},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1310","DOI":"10.1111\/head.13588","article-title":"Unmet acute treatment needs from the 2017 migraine in america symptoms and treatment study.","volume":"59","author":"Lipton","year":"2019","journal-title":"Headache."},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1300","DOI":"10.1111\/head.12154","article-title":"Examination of unmet treatment needs among persons with episodic migraine: results of the American Migraine Prevalence and Prevention (AMPP) study.","volume":"53","author":"Lipton","year":"2013","journal-title":"Headache."},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1186\/s10194-021-01250-6","article-title":"Burden of migraine and unmet needs from the patients\u2019 perspective: a survey across 11 specialized headache clinics in Korea.","volume":"22","author":"Kim","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Headache Pain."},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.1007\/s40263-021-00818-9","article-title":"The evolution of medication overuse headache: history, pathophysiology and clinical update.","volume":"35","author":"Sun-Edelstein","year":"2021","journal-title":"CNS Drugs."},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2009.01.013","article-title":"Excessive opioid use and the development of chronic migraine.","volume":"142","author":"Bigal","year":"2009","journal-title":"Pain."},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1186\/s10194-018-0865-z","article-title":"Factors associated with acute medication overuse in people with migraine: results from the 2017 migraine in America symptoms and treatment (MAST) study.","volume":"19","author":"Schwedt","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Headache Pain."},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-2982.2005.00910.x","article-title":"Psychiatric comorbidity in the evolution from migraine to medication overuse headache.","volume":"25","author":"Radat","year":"2005","journal-title":"Cephalalgia."},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1212\/cpj.0000000000001037","article-title":"Medication overuse and headache burden: results from the CaMEO study.","volume":"11","author":"Schwedt","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neurol Clin Pract."},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ctcp.2017.12.003","article-title":"Reasons for and perceived benefits of utilizing complementary and alternative medicine in U.S. adults with migraines\/severe headaches.","volume":"30","author":"Rhee","year":"2018","journal-title":"Complement Ther Clin Pract."},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1087","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1526-4610.2011.01917.x","article-title":"Complementary and alternative medicine use among adults with migraines\/severe headaches.","volume":"51","author":"Wells","year":"2011","journal-title":"Headache."},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1186\/s10194-020-01117-2","article-title":"Migraine treatment and healthcare costs: retrospective analysis of the China health insurance research association (CHIRA) database.","volume":"21","author":"Yu","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Headache Pain."},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5181587","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/5181587","article-title":"Oral Chinese herbal medicine as prophylactic treatment for episodic migraine in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.","volume":"2020","author":"Lyu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Evid Based Complement Alternat Med."},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2018.00589","article-title":"Chuanxiong formulae for migraine: a systematic review and meta-analysis of high-quality randomized controlled trials.","volume":"9","author":"Shan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Pharmacol."},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1011","DOI":"10.1142\/s0192415x13500687","article-title":"Systematic review and meta-analysis of traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of migraines.","volume":"41","author":"Zhou","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am J Chin Med."},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"576272","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2020.576272","article-title":"Acupuncture vs. pharmacological prophylaxis of migraine: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials.","volume":"11","author":"Giovanardi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Neurol."},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1755","DOI":"10.1142\/s0192415x19500897","article-title":"Clinical efficacy and safety of electroacupuncture in migraine treatment: a systematic review and network meta-analysis.","volume":"47","author":"Li","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am J Chin Med."},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"596","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2020.00596","article-title":"Systematic review and meta-analysis of the therapeutic effect of acupuncture on migraine.","volume":"11","author":"Ou","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Neurol."},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7582581","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/7582581","article-title":"Cupping therapy for migraine: a PRISMA-compliant systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.","volume":"2021","author":"Seo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Evid Based Complement Alternat Med."},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1089\/acu.2019.1337","article-title":"Systematic review of episodic migraine prophylaxis: efficacy of conventional treatments used in comparisons with acupuncture.","volume":"31","author":"Trinh","year":"2019","journal-title":"Med Acupunct."},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joim.2018.06.002","article-title":"Acupuncture for migraine without aura: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","volume":"16","author":"Xu","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Integr Med."},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjspcare-2019-002024","article-title":"Acupuncture for menstrual migraine: a systematic review.","author":"Yang","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMJ Support Palliat Care."},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1111\/head.13723","article-title":"Systematic review: acupuncture vs standard pharmacological therapy for migraine prevention.","volume":"60","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Headache."},{"key":"B34","year":"2021","journal-title":"Introduction to Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine."},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e17652","DOI":"10.2196\/17652","article-title":"Temporal expression classification and normalization from chinese narrative clinical texts: pattern learning approach.","volume":"8","author":"Pan","year":"2020","journal-title":"JMIR Med Inform."},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1186\/s10194-020-1084-y","article-title":"Comorbid and co-occurring conditions in migraine and associated risk of increasing headache pain intensity and headache frequency: results of the migraine in America symptoms and treatment (MAST) study.","volume":"21","author":"Buse","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Headache Pain."},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1186\/s10194-021-01281-z","article-title":"Comorbidities of primary headache disorders: a literature review with meta-analysis.","volume":"22","author":"Caponnetto","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Headache Pain."},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"904","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1526-4610.2005.05159.x","article-title":"Headache and sleep: examination of sleep patterns and complaints in a large clinical sample of migraineurs.","volume":"45","author":"Kelman","year":"2005","journal-title":"Headache."},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1016\/s1081-1206(10)60018-x","article-title":"Prevalence of migraine headaches in patients with allergic rhinitis.","volume":"97","author":"Ku","year":"2006","journal-title":"Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol."},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"829","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2015.08.039","article-title":"Increased risk of migraine in patients with psoriasis: a Danish nationwide cohort study.","volume":"73","author":"Egeberg","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol."},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1300","DOI":"10.1111\/head.13836","article-title":"The role of diet and nutrition in migraine triggers and treatment: a systematic literature review.","volume":"60","author":"Hindiyeh","year":"2020","journal-title":"Headache."},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/head.14328","article-title":"An observational study of self-reported migraine triggers and prospective evaluation of the relationships with occurrence of attacks enabled by a smartphone application (App).","author":"Casanova","year":"2022","journal-title":"Headache."},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"643","DOI":"10.1177\/0333102420974362","article-title":"Sex differences in prevalence of migraine trigger factors: a cross-sectional study.","volume":"41","author":"van Casteren","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cephalalgia."},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1080\/01616412.2020.1723300","article-title":"The relationship between exposure to hot\/cold weather and the clinical features of headaches in patients with migraine and tension-type headaches.","volume":"42","author":"Tanik","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neurol Res."},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"954","DOI":"10.1111\/head.13806","article-title":"Osmophobia and odor-triggered headaches in children and adolescents: prevalence, associated factors, and importance in the diagnosis of migraine.","volume":"60","author":"Alban\u00eas Oliveira Bernardo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Headache."},{"key":"B46","author":"Steiner","year":"2010","journal-title":"Guidelines for All Healthcare Professionals in the Diagnosis and Management of Migraine, Tension-Type, Cluster and Medication-Overuse Headache"},{"key":"B47","first-page":"S1","article-title":"Canadian headache society guideline for migraine prophylaxis.","volume":"39","author":"Pringsheim","year":"2012","journal-title":"Can J Neurol Sci."},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S1","DOI":"10.1017\/S0317167100118943","article-title":"Canadian headache society guideline: acute drug therapy for migraine headache.","volume":"40","author":"Worthington","year":"2013","journal-title":"Can J Neurol Sci."},{"key":"B49","first-page":"69","article-title":"Diagnostic criteria and category of treatment response of toufeng \u5934\u98ce\u8bca\u65ad\u4e0e\u7597\u6548\u8bc4\u5b9a\u6807\u51c6 [in Chinese].","volume":"16","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Beijing Univ Tradit Chin Med."},{"key":"B50","year":"2020","journal-title":"Chinese Pharmacopoeia"},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1145\/170035.170072","article-title":"Mining association rules between sets of items in large databases.","author":"Agrawal","year":"1993","journal-title":"Proceedings of the 1993 ACM SIGMOD International Conference on Management of Data."},{"key":"B52","author":"Xiong","year":"2006","journal-title":"Association Analysis: Basic Concepts and Algorithms."},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8854772","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/8854772","article-title":"An apriori algorithm-based association rule analysis to identify herb combinations for treating uremic pruritus using Chinese herbal bath therapy.","volume":"2020","author":"Lu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Evid Based Complement Alternat Med."},{"key":"B54","author":"Han","year":"2011","journal-title":"Data Mining: Concepts and Techniques."},{"key":"B55","author":"Batory","year":"2006","journal-title":"Towards Safe Composition of Product Lines."},{"key":"B56","first-page":"50","article-title":"A method based on association rules to construct product line model.","author":"Lora-Michiels","year":"2010","journal-title":"Proceedings of the 4th International Workshop on Variability Modelling of Software-Intensive Systems (VaMos)."},{"key":"B57","first-page":"2345","article-title":"Roles exploration of chronic disease control involving TCM damp syndrome in Ling-nan region [in Chinese] \u5cad\u5357\u4e2d\u533b\u6e7f\u8bc1\u4e0e\u6162\u6027\u75c5\u9632\u6cbb\u521b\u65b0\u6a21\u5f0f\u63a2\u8ba8.","volume":"34","author":"Zeng","year":"2019","journal-title":"Chin J Tradit Chine Med."},{"key":"B58","first-page":"6","article-title":"The difference of dampness and the corresponding treatments between Lingnan region and Jiangnan region [in Chinese] \u6c5f\u5357\u4e0e\u5cad\u5357\u5730\u533a\u6e7f\u90aa\u7684\u7279\u6027\u53ca\u8bc1\u6cbb\u5dee\u5f02.","volume":"37","author":"Lu","year":"2002","journal-title":"Zhejiang J Tradit Chine Med."},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"727","DOI":"10.1097\/wnr.0000000000001648","article-title":"Poria cocos polysaccharide attenuates damage of nervus in Alzheimer\u2019s disease rat model induced by D-galactose and aluminum trichloride.","volume":"32","author":"Zhou","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neuroreport."},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1007\/s11010-019-03603-x","article-title":"Rhynchophylline attenuates migraine in trigeminal nucleus caudalis in nitroglycerin-induced rat model by inhibiting MAPK\/NF-\u00eaB signaling.","volume":"461","author":"Lai","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mol Cell Biochem."},{"key":"B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines10010076","article-title":"Neurogenic inflammation: the participant in migraine and recent advancements in translational research.","volume":"10","author":"Spekker","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biomedicines."},{"key":"B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5581","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-021-02503-w","article-title":"Involvement of TRPM2 in the neurobiology of experimental migraine: focus on oxidative stress and apoptosis.","volume":"58","author":"Yaz\u01e7an","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mol Neurobiol."},{"key":"B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1731","DOI":"10.1142\/s0192415x2050086x","article-title":"Progress in traditional chinese medicine for the treatment of migraine.","volume":"48","author":"Huang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am J Chin Med."},{"key":"B64","author":"Wang","year":"2017","journal-title":"The Literature and Data Mining of Migraine [in Chinese] \u57fa\u4e8e\u53e4\u4eca\u533b\u6848\u6570\u636e\u5206\u6790\u7684\u504f\u5934\u75db\u75c5\u8bc1\u6cbb\u89c4\u5f8b\u7814\u7a76"},{"key":"B65","author":"Fan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Based on Data Mining of the Jin ad Yuan Dynasty in the Treatment of Headache Prescription Medication Law [in Chinese] \u57fa\u4e8e\u6570\u636e\u6316\u6398\u7684\u91d1\u5143\u65f6\u671f\u6cbb\u5934\u75db\u65b9\u7528\u836f\u89c4\u5f8b\u7814\u7a76"},{"key":"B66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2042-7158.2010.01191.x","article-title":"Effect and mechanism of senkyunolide I as an anti-migraine compound from Ligusticum chuanxiong.","volume":"63","author":"Wang","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Pharm Pharmacol."},{"key":"B67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2008.10.010","article-title":"Pharmacodynamic action and mechanism of volatile oil from Rhizoma Ligustici Chuanxiong Hort. on treating headache.","volume":"16","author":"Peng","year":"2009","journal-title":"Phytomedicine."},{"key":"B68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1318","DOI":"10.21037\/atm-21-3423","article-title":"Effects of ligustrazine on the expression of neurotransmitters in the trigeminal ganglion of a rat migraine model.","volume":"9","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ann Transl Med."},{"key":"B69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1209","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2013.12.040","article-title":"The traditional Chinese medicine prescription patterns for migraine patients in Taiwan: a population-based study.","volume":"151","author":"Chang","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"B70","author":"Wang","year":"2015","journal-title":"The Research of Theory of Ancient Prescription Treating Headache Characteristics of Medication and Rule of Prescription Compatibility [in Chinese] \u53e4\u4ee3\u6cbb\u5934\u75db\u65b9\u7528\u836f\u7279\u70b9\u53ca\u65b9\u5242\u914d\u4f0d\u89c4\u5f8b\u7814\u7a76"},{"key":"B71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2301680","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/2301680","article-title":"A Chinese prescription Chuanxiong Chatiao san for migraine: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.","volume":"2019","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Evid Based Complement Alternat Med."},{"key":"B72","first-page":"1","article-title":"Effects of micro Chuanxiong chatiao san on \u03b2-EP, CGRP of migraine mice [in Chinese] \u8d85\u5fae\u5ddd\u828e\u8336\u8c03\u6563\u5bf9\u504f\u5934\u75db\u6a21\u578b\u5927\u9f20\u03b2-EP\u3001CGRP\u7684\u5f71\u54cd.","volume":"4","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"Modern Med Health Res."},{"key":"B73","first-page":"2406","article-title":"Mechanism of Chuanxiong chatiao san for migraine: a study based on network pharmacology analysis [in Chinese] \u57fa\u4e8e\u4e2d\u836f\u7f51\u7edc\u836f\u7406\u5b66\u5206\u6790\u5ddd\u828e\u8336\u8c03\u6563\u6cbb\u7597\u504f\u5934\u75db\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u673a\u5236.","volume":"40","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"Chine J Hosp Pharm."},{"key":"B74","author":"Gu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Effectiveness of the Method of Tonifying qi and Yang for Vastibular Migraine with a Syndrome of qi Deficiency: A Clinical Trial [in Chinese] \u76ca\u6c14\u5347\u9633\u6cd5\u6cbb\u7597\u6c14\u865a\u578b\u524d\u5ead\u6027\u504f\u5934\u75db\u7684\u4e34\u5e8a\u89c2\u5bdf"},{"key":"B75","year":"2018","journal-title":"Framework for FDA\u2019s Real-World Evidence Program."},{"key":"B76","first-page":"2880","article-title":"Designs and thoughts of real world integrated data warehouse from HIS on re-evaluation of post-maketing traditional Chinese medicine [in Chinese] \u4e2d\u836f\u4e0a\u5e02\u540e\u518d\u8bc4\u4ef7 HIS \u201c\u201c\u771f\u5b9e\u4e16\u754c\u201d \u96c6\u6210\u6570\u636e\u201d HIS \u4ed3\u5e93\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\u65b9\u6cd5\u63a2\u8ba8 China.","volume":"36","author":"Zhuang","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Chine Mater Med."},{"key":"B77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1016\/j.artmed.2009.07.012","article-title":"Development of traditional Chinese medicine clinical data warehouse for medical knowledge discovery and decision support.","volume":"48","author":"Zhou","year":"2010","journal-title":"Artif Intell Med."},{"key":"B78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6920-5-1","article-title":"Sicily statement on evidence-based practice.","volume":"5","author":"Dawes","year":"2005","journal-title":"BMC Med Educ."},{"key":"B79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.4103\/0976-3147.176188","article-title":"Clinical profile and functional disability of patients with migraine.","volume":"7","author":"Renjith","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Neurosci Rural Pract."},{"key":"B80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1408","DOI":"10.1111\/head.13407","article-title":"Migraine in America symptoms and treatment (MAST) study: baseline study methods, treatment patterns, and gender differences.","volume":"58","author":"Lipton","year":"2018","journal-title":"Headache."},{"key":"B81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"724","DOI":"10.1080\/1028415x.2018.1550890","article-title":"The association of dietary patterns with migraine attack frequency in migrainous women.","volume":"23","author":"Hajjarzadeh","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nutr Neurosci."},{"key":"B82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1221","DOI":"10.1111\/head.13623","article-title":"Comparison of diet quality between women with chronic and episodic migraine.","volume":"59","author":"Hajjarzadeh","year":"2019","journal-title":"Headache."},{"key":"B83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20m02859","DOI":"10.4088\/PCC.20m02859","article-title":"Migraine prevalence, characteristics, triggers, and coping strategies among medical students in Saudi Arabia.","volume":"23","author":"Aljaafari","year":"2021","journal-title":"Prim Care Companion CNS Disord."},{"key":"B84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2617","DOI":"10.47391\/jpma.011148","article-title":"Prevalence, triggers and presentation of migraine among the college and university students: review of the available literature.","volume":"71","author":"Javaid","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Pak Med Assoc."},{"key":"B85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"760","DOI":"10.1080\/00325481.2021.1922211","article-title":"Watermelon and others plant foods that trigger headache in migraine patients.","volume":"133","author":"Silva-N\u00e9to","year":"2021","journal-title":"Postgrad Med."},{"key":"B86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2019.00199","article-title":"Pediatric vs. Adult prodrome and postdrome: a window on migraine pathophysiology?","volume":"10","author":"Cuvellier","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Neurol."},{"key":"B87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.5694\/j.1326-5377.2007.tb01170.x","article-title":"Management of migraine in Australian general practice.","volume":"187","author":"Stark","year":"2007","journal-title":"Med J Aust."},{"key":"B88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1518","DOI":"10.1177\/0333102419851855","article-title":"Treatment patterns and characteristics of patients with migraine in Japan: a retrospective analysis of health insurance claims data.","volume":"39","author":"Meyers","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cephalalgia."},{"key":"B89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pmedr.2017.12.009","article-title":"Migraine-preventive prescription patterns by physician specialty in ambulatory care settings in the United States.","volume":"9","author":"Takaki","year":"2018","journal-title":"Prev Med Rep."},{"key":"B90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3019","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-018-9066-6","article-title":"Migraine prophylactic management in neurology and primary care (2006-2015).","volume":"265","author":"Jackson","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Neurol."},{"key":"B91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.1111\/ane.13050","article-title":"Combination of flunarizine and transcutaneous supraorbital neurostimulation improves migraine prophylaxis.","volume":"139","author":"Jiang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Acta Neurol Scand."},{"key":"B92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1526-4637.2011.01295.x","article-title":"A randomized, one-year clinical trial comparing the efficacy of topiramate, flunarizine, and a combination of flunarizine and topiramate in migraine prophylaxis.","volume":"13","author":"Luo","year":"2012","journal-title":"Pain Med."},{"key":"B93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2015.12.032","article-title":"Identifying Chinese herbal medicine network for treating acne: implications from a nationwide database.","volume":"179","author":"Chen","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"B94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"125943","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/125943","article-title":"Identifying core herbal treatments for children with asthma: implication from a chinese herbal medicine database in taiwan.","volume":"2013","author":"Chen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Evid Based Complement Alternat Med."},{"key":"B95","author":"Zhong","year":"2016","journal-title":"Chinese Materia Medica \u4e2d\u836f\u5b66 (\u5168\u56fd\u4e2d\u533b\u836f\u884c\u4e1a\u9ad8\u7b49\u6559\u80b2 \u201c\u5341\u4e09\u4e94\u201d \u89c4\u5212\u6559\u6750)."},{"key":"B96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1111\/jebm.12378","article-title":"Report of guidelines for diagnosis and treatment of common internal diseases in Chinese medicine: Headache.","volume":"13","author":"Ren","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Evid Based Med."},{"key":"B97","first-page":"363","article-title":"Regularity of Chinese herbal medicine for menstrually related migraine: a data mining study [in Chinese] \u57fa\u4e8e\u6570\u636e\u6316\u6398\u63a2\u8ba8\u4e2d\u836f\u6cbb\u7597\u6708\u7ecf\u6027\u504f\u5934\u75db\u7528\u836f\u89c4\u5f8b.","volume":"35","author":"Ren","year":"2021","journal-title":"J China Jpn Friend Hosp."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Medicine"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fmed.2022.936234\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,10]],"date-time":"2022-11-10T06:27:26Z","timestamp":1668061646000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fmed.2022.936234\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,10]]},"references-count":97,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fmed.2022.936234"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmed.2022.936234","relation":{},"ISSN":["2296-858X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2296-858X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,10]]},"article-number":"936234"}}