{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,5]],"date-time":"2026-02-05T10:04:15Z","timestamp":1770285855608,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":86,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,24]],"date-time":"2022-06-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1656028800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Med."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>Achalasia is a primary esophageal dysmotility disorder. Despite the high volume of studies addressing the conventional treatments for achalasia, few are debated regarding the non-conventional treatments, such as cardiectomy, cardioplasty, endoluminal substances injection (ethanolamine oleate, polidocanol, botulinum toxin), stents, and certain drugs (beta-agonists, anticholinergic, nitrates, calcium channel blockers, and phosphodiesterase inhibitors).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A critical review was performed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Endoscopic, surgical, and pharmacological treatments were included. A qualitative synthesis was presented.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Non-conventional therapeutic options for treating achalasia encompass medical, endoscopic, and surgical procedures. Clinicians and patients need to know all the tools for the management of achalasia. However, several currently available studies of non-conventional treatments lack high-quality evidence, and future randomized trials are still needed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2022.941464","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,24]],"date-time":"2022-06-24T04:54:02Z","timestamp":1656046442000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Evaluating the Non-conventional Achalasia Treatment Modalities"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Francisco","family":"Tustumi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1111\/nmo.12750","article-title":"Achalasia: new perspectives on an old disease","volume":"28","author":"Gyawali","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neurogastroenterol Motil."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1111\/nyas.13176","article-title":"Achalasia: from diagnosis to management","volume":"1381","author":"Vaezi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ann N Y Acad Sci."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.3390\/medsci9020032","article-title":"The mechanisms for the association of cancer and esophageal dysmotility disorders","volume":"9","author":"Tustumi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Med Sci."},{"key":"B4","first-page":"31","article-title":"The 2018 ISDE achalasia guidelines","volume-title":"Dis Esophagus","author":"Zaninotto","year":"2018"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1238","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2013.196","article-title":"clinical guideline: diagnosis and management of achalasia","volume":"108","author":"Vaezi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.1007\/s00464-011-2017-2","article-title":"guidelines for the surgical treatment of esophageal achalasia","volume":"26","author":"Stefanidis","year":"2012","journal-title":"Surg Endosc."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1067\/j.cpsurg.2018.01.001","article-title":"Modern management of esophageal achalasia: from pathophysiology to treatment","volume":"55","author":"Schlottmann","year":"2018","journal-title":"Curr Probl Surg."},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"doab053","DOI":"10.1093\/dote\/doab053","article-title":"Myotomy in sigmoid megaesophagus: is it applicable? 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