{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,29]],"date-time":"2026-10-29T12:32:03Z","timestamp":1793277123273,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,8]],"date-time":"2022-07-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1657238400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Med."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Human T cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) is a human retrovirus that is endemic in a number of regions across the world. There are an estimated 5\u201310 million people infected worldwide. Japan is currently the only country with a national antenatal screening programme in place. HTLV-1 is primarily transmitted sexually in adulthood, however it can be transmitted from mother-to-child perinatally. This can occur transplacentally, during the birth process or via breastmilk. If HTLV-1 is transmitted perinatally then the lifetime risk of adult T cell leukemia\/lymphoma rises from 5 to 20%, therefore prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HTLV-1 is a public health priority. There are reliable immunological and molecular tests available for HTLV-1 diagnosis during pregnancy and screening should be considered on a country by country basis. Further research on best management is needed particularly for pregnancies in women with high HTLV-1 viral load. A first step would be to establish an international registry of cases and to monitor outcomes for neonates and mothers. We have summarized key risk factors for mother-to-child transmission of HTLV-1 and subsequently propose a pragmatic guideline for management of mothers and infants in pregnancy and the perinatal period to reduce the risk of transmission. This is clinically relevant in order to reduce mother-to-child transmission of HTLV-1 and it's complications.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2022.941647","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,8]],"date-time":"2022-07-08T01:57:01Z","timestamp":1657245421000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["A Review of the Prevention of Mother-to-Child Transmission of Human T-Cell Lymphotrophic Virus Type 1 (HTLV-1) With a Proposed Management Algorithm"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Rachael S.","family":"Barr","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simon 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