{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,20]],"date-time":"2026-05-20T14:11:22Z","timestamp":1779286282938,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,12]],"date-time":"2022-10-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1665532800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U2004121"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U2004121"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82070643"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82070643"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U1904164"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U1904164"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2018YFC2000501"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018YFC2000501"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Med."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>The continued \u2018evolution\u2019 of Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has led to the emergence of the Omicron variant after the Delta variant, resulting in a significant increase in the number of people with COVID-19. This increase in the number of cases continues to have a significant impact on lives. Therefore, a more detailed understanding of the clinical characteristics of Omicron infection is essential.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Using medical charts, we extracted clinical information for 384 patients infected with the Omicron variant in Anyang City, Henan Province, China. Epidemiology and clinical characteristics were compared with a cohort of people infected with the Delta variant in Zhengzhou in 2021.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Findings<\/jats:title><jats:p>Common initial symptoms at onset of illness were cough [240 (63%)], expectoration [112 (29%)], fever [96 (25%)], nasal congestion [96 (25%)] and myalgia or fatigue [30 (6%)]. In patients with the Omicron variant, levels of total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein and creatinine increased in 52 (14%), 36 (9%) and 58 (15%) patients, respectively, compared with patients with the Delta variant [one (1%), one (1%) and two (2%)]. Levels of triglyceride and high-density lipoprotein also increased. In patients with the Omicron variant, the levels of specific gravity and the erythrocyte sedimentation rate were increased in 115 (30%) and 81 (21%) patients, and serum levels of complement 3 decreased in 93 (41%).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Compared with patients infected with Delta, no major differences in initial clinical symptoms were identified in patients infected with Omicron. However, dyslipidemia and kidney injury were much more severe in patients with the Omicron variant, and the erythrocyte sedimentation rate was increased. Due to decreased levels of complement 3, the immunity of patients with the Omicron variant was weak.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2022.944909","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,12]],"date-time":"2022-10-12T09:07:26Z","timestamp":1665565646000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Comparison of clinical characteristics between SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant and Delta variant infections in China"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Qinggang","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiaorui","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lei","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiaobo","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Guangying","family":"Cui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ranran","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Donghua","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Juan","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yonghong","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yong","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shen","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ping","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shasha","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yanmin","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zujiang","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhigang","family":"Ren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbior.2020.100736","article-title":"SARS-CoV-2 pandemic: an overview.","volume":"77","author":"Acuti Martellucci","year":"2020","journal-title":"Adv Biol Regul."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1625","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2020.08.032","article-title":"Impact of COVID-19 and comorbidities on health and economics: focus on developing countries and India.","volume":"14","author":"Singh","year":"2020","journal-title":"Diabetes Metab Syndr."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1511","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.26035","article-title":"Increase in COVID-19 cases and case-fatality and case-recovery rates in Europe: a cross-temporal meta-analysis.","volume":"92","author":"Karadag","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Med Virol."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S167","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijtb.2020.09.031","article-title":"Morbidity and mortality trends of Covid 19 in top 10 countries.","volume":"67","author":"Matta","year":"2020","journal-title":"Indian J Tuberc."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.7150\/ijbs.47827","article-title":"SARS-CoV-2 variants evolved during the early stage of the pandemic and effects of mutations on adaptation in Wuhan populations.","volume":"17","author":"Awadasseid","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Biol Sci."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2021.101129","article-title":"Transmission, viral kinetics and clinical characteristics of the emergent SARS-CoV-2 Delta VOC in Guangzhou, China.","volume":"40","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"EClinicalMedicine."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4220","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2021.06.020","article-title":"Reduced neutralization of SARS-CoV-2 B.1.617 by vaccine and convalescent serum.","volume":"184","author":"Liu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cell."},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2021.792135","article-title":"Differences in clinical characteristics between delta variant and wild-type SARS-CoV-2 infected patients.","volume":"8","author":"Hu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Med (Lausanne)."},{"key":"B9","year":"2022","journal-title":"The Name of SARS-Cov-2 Variants and Currently Designated Variants of Concern."},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2021.24868","article-title":"Characteristics and outcomes of hospitalized patients in South Africa during the COVID-19 omicron wave compared with previous waves.","volume":"327","author":"Maslo","year":"2022","journal-title":"JAMA."},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1016\/s0140-6736(22)00017-4","article-title":"Early assessment of the clinical severity of the SARS-CoV-2 omicron variant in South Africa: a data linkage study.","volume":"399","author":"Wolter","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet."},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"698","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMc2119236","article-title":"SARS-CoV-2 omicron variant neutralization in serum from vaccinated and convalescent persons.","volume":"386","author":"R\u00f6ssler","year":"2022","journal-title":"N Eng J Med."},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"838","DOI":"10.1002\/mco2.110","article-title":"SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant: characteristics and prevention.","volume":"2","author":"He","year":"2021","journal-title":"MedComm."},{"key":"B14","year":"2022","journal-title":"Tracking of Variants."},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1048","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abn8863","article-title":"Structures of the omicron spike trimer with ACE2 and an anti-omicron antibody.","volume":"375","author":"Yin","year":"2022","journal-title":"Science."},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"676","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-021-04388-0","article-title":"Striking antibody evasion manifested by the omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2.","volume":"602","author":"Liu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nature."},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-021-00852-5","article-title":"SARS-CoV-2 Omicron strain exhibits potent capabilities for immune evasion and viral entrance.","volume":"6","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Signal Transduct Target Ther."},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-021-00863-2","article-title":"SARS-CoV-2 Omicron RBD shows weaker binding affinity than the currently dominant Delta variant to human ACE2.","volume":"7","author":"Wu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Signal Transduct Target Ther."},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2022.912367","article-title":"Clinical characteristics of COVID-19 Patients Infected by the omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2.","volume":"9","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Med (Lausanne)."},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3346\/jkms.2022.37.e31","article-title":"Clinical characteristics of 40 patients infected with the SARS-CoV-2 omicron variant in Korea.","volume":"37","author":"Kim","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Korean Med Sci."},{"key":"B21","year":"2022","journal-title":"Coronavirus (COVID-19) Dashboard."},{"key":"B22","year":"2020","journal-title":"Update on the Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia Outbreak as at 24:00 on 9 May."},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1061","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.1585","article-title":"Clinical characteristics of 138 hospitalized patients with 2019 novel coronavirus-infected pneumonia in Wuhan, China.","volume":"323","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA."},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.m606","article-title":"Clinical findings in a group of patients infected with the 2019 novel coronavirus (SARS-Cov-2) outside of Wuhan, China: retrospective case series.","volume":"368","author":"Xu","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMJ."},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1016\/s0140-6736(20)30183-5","article-title":"Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China.","volume":"395","author":"Huang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet."},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-86747-5","article-title":"Low HDL and high triglycerides predict COVID-19 severity.","volume":"11","author":"Masana","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci Rep."},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cca.2021.08.003","article-title":"Previous vitamin D status and total cholesterol are associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection.","volume":"522","author":"Ribeiro","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Chim Acta."},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12985-021-01604-1","article-title":"Association of dyslipidemia with the severity and mortality of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): a meta-analysis.","volume":"18","author":"Liu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Virol J."},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"967","DOI":"10.1016\/s0022-2275(20)31621-7","article-title":"Cholesterol efflux by acute-phase high density lipoprotein: role of lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase.","volume":"42","author":"Khovidhunkit","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Lipid Res."},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9843","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.202001451","article-title":"COVID-19-Associated dyslipidemia: implications for mechanism of impaired resolution and novel therapeutic approaches.","volume":"34","author":"Sorokin","year":"2020","journal-title":"FASEB J."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Medicine"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fmed.2022.944909\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,12]],"date-time":"2022-10-12T09:07:30Z","timestamp":1665565650000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fmed.2022.944909\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,12]]},"references-count":30,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fmed.2022.944909"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmed.2022.944909","relation":{},"ISSN":["2296-858X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2296-858X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,12]]},"article-number":"944909"}}