{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,9]],"date-time":"2026-01-09T02:45:36Z","timestamp":1767926736988,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,26]],"date-time":"2022-08-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1661472000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Med."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>Previous studies showed conflicting results regarding peripheral vitamin D levels in ankylosing spondylitis (AS). We performed this systemic review and meta-analysis to explore whether vitamin D may influence AS process.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Articles published until March 2022 were searched in databases as follows: PubMed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. The present study included cross-sectional and case-control studies regarding vitamin D levels in patients with AS. Studies were excluded according to the following exclusion criteria: (1) we excluded studies which did not provide sufficient information regarding the comparison of vitamin D levels in AS patients and healthy controls (HC). Vitamin D levels in the two group studies should be reported or could be calculated in included studies; (2) meta-analysis, reviews and case reports. STATA 12.0 software was used to make a meta-analysis. Standard mean differences (SMDs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were computed as effect size.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The present meta-analysis showed no significant difference in peripheral 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25OHD) levels between AS and healthy controls (HCs) in Caucasians with a random effects model [SMD: \u22120.68, 95% CI (\u22121.90, 0.54)]. Patients with AS had lower peripheral 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) levels compared with HC with a random effects model [SMD: \u22120.45, 95% CI: (\u22120.70, \u22120.20)]. Patients with AS had higher peripheral C-reactive protein (CRP) and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) levels compared with HC in Caucasian population with random effects models [CRP: SMD: 1.08, 95% CI: (0.78, 1.37); ESR: SMD: 0.86, 95% CI: (0.39, 1.34)]. However, no significant difference in alkaline phosphatase (ALP), parathyroid hormone (PTH) or calcium levels were indicated between AS and HC in Caucasian with random effects models [ALP: SMD: 0.07, 95% CI: (\u22120.41, 0.55); PTH: SMD: \u22120.15, 95% CI: (\u22120.56, 0.26); calcium: SMD: \u22120.06, 95% CI: (\u22120.39, 0.26)].<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>In conclusion, the study showed an inverse association between 25OHD and AS, which suggests that vitamin D may have a protective effect on AS. ESR and C-reactive protein (CRP) are important biomarkers for AS.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2022.972586","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,26]],"date-time":"2022-08-26T05:10:27Z","timestamp":1661490627000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Peripheral vitamin D levels in ankylosing spondylitis: A systematic review and 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