{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,26]],"date-time":"2026-06-26T02:11:45Z","timestamp":1782439905382,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,16]],"date-time":"2022-09-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1663286400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Med."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Cervical pregnancy (CP) is an uncommon type of ectopic pregnancy with a rising risk to life. Currently, there is no universal protocol for the safe and effective management of CP. This study aimed to investigate the clinical efficacy of high-intensity focused ultrasound ablation (HIFU) vs. uterine artery embolization (UAE) in the management of CP to develop a standard for the treatment of CP.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>From January 2015 to October 2021, 36 patients with CP were diagnosed, treated, and followed up at the Department of Gynecology of Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University. A total of 11 patients were treated with HIFU followed by suction curettage under hysteroscopic guidance, and 25 patients were treated with UAE followed by suction curettage under hysteroscopic guidance. Medical records and pregnancy outcomes were retrospectively analyzed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Compared to the UAE group, the HIFU group had a shorter interval time (1.5 \u00b1 0.21 days vs. 2.6 \u00b1 0.26 days), shorter duration of hospitalization (5.5 \u00b1 0.31 days vs. 6.6 \u00b1 0.21 days), shorter recovery time of menstruation (30.6 \u00b1 7.09 days vs. 36.9 \u00b1 5.54 days), fewer adverse reactions (0\/11 vs. 9\/25), and fewer postoperative complications (1\/11 vs. 8\/25). There were no significant differences in age, gravidity, parity, abortion, gestational age, cardiac pulsation, admission symptoms, hemoglobin level, largest diameter of the sac\/mass, serum human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) level at admission, hospitalization expenses, hospitalization days, blood loss during curettage, degree of hCG decline, residue after curettage, fertility requirement, and pregnancy outcomes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Both HIFU and UAE are safe and effective in the treatment of patients with CP. Compared to UAE, HIFU treatment for CP is a safer and more effective therapeutic schedule owing to the advantages of being more minimally invasive, shorter interval time, shorter hospitalization days and recovery time of menstruation, fewer adverse reactions, and fewer postoperative complications.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2022.990066","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,16]],"date-time":"2022-09-16T04:53:03Z","timestamp":1663303983000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Comparison of high-intensity focused ultrasound ablation and uterine artery embolization in the management of cervical pregnancy"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Waixing","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoli","family":"Gan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nidhi","family":"Kashyap","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lingxiao","family":"Zou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aiqian","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dabao","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmig.2006.11.012","article-title":"Cervical pregnancy:the importance of early diagnosis and treatment","volume":"14","author":"Vela","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Minim Invasive Gynecol"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"p261","DOI":"10.1097\/OGX.0000000000000062","article-title":"Diagnostic and therapeutic dilemmas of cervical ectopic pregnancy","volume":"69","author":"Hosni","year":"2014","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol Surv."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"781","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.17384","article-title":"Treatment of cervical pregnancy with ultrasound-guided local methotrexate injection","volume":"50","author":"Yamaguchi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"p737","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9378(94)70273-X","article-title":"Anaya GP, Pirrone EC. Successful management of viable cervical pregnancy by local injection of methotrexate guided by transvaginal ultrasonography","volume":"170","author":"Mandeville","year":"1994","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"671","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2007.12.054","article-title":"Conservative management of cervical ectopic pregnancy","volume":"91","author":"Verma","year":"2009","journal-title":"Fertil Steril."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2010.08.048","article-title":"An efficient conservative treatment modality for cervical pregnancy: angiographic uterine artery embolization followed by immediate curettage","volume":"204","author":"Wang","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1111\/1471-0528.14005","article-title":"Successful conservative treatment of cervical pregnancy with uterine artery embolization followed by curettage: a report of 19 cases","volume":"123","author":"Hu","year":"2016","journal-title":"BJOG"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1111\/1471-0528.14737","article-title":"A comparison between high-intensity focused ultrasound and surgical treatment for the management of abdominal wall endometriosis","volume":"124","author":"Zhu","year":"2017"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1111\/1471-0528.14743","article-title":"High-intensity focused ultrasound combined with hysteroscopic resection for the treatment of placenta accreta","volume":"124","author":"Ye","year":"2017","journal-title":"BJOG"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e854","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000000854","article-title":"High-intensity focused ultrasound combined with suction curettage for the treatment of cesarean scar pregnancy","volume":"94","author":"Zhu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Medicine"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"671","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ultsonch.2015.05.031","article-title":"Safety of ultrasound-guided ultrasound ablation for uterine fibroids and adenomyosis: a review of 9988 cases","volume":"27","author":"Chen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ultrason Sonochem"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1080\/02656736.2018.1563914","article-title":"The treatment of cervical pregnancy with high-intensity focused ultrasound followed by suction curettage: report of three cases","volume":"36","author":"Jiang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J Hyperthermia"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"900","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2010.10.020","article-title":"Chen WZ, Wang ZB. Ultrasound-guided high-intensity focused ultrasound ablation for adenomyosis: the clinical experience of a single center","volume":"95","author":"Chen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Fertil Steril."},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"883","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmig.2018.09.001","article-title":"Analysis of the reproductive outcome of patients with cesarean scar pregnancy treated by high-intensity focused ultrasound and uterine artery embolization: a retrospective cohort study","volume":"26","author":"Chen","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Minimal Invasive Gynecol"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.3109\/02656736.2015.1104733","article-title":"A comparison of high-intensity focused ultrasound and uterine artery embolisation for the management of caesarean scar pregnancy","volume":"32","author":"Zhu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int J Hyperthermia"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"p131","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2016.09.010","article-title":"Ak M, Ozgun MT, Dolanbay M, Aygen EM, Sahin Y. Comparison of systemic and local methotrexate treatments in cesarean scar pregnancies: time to change conventional treatment and follow-up protocols","volume":"206","author":"Uludag","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol."},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"p591","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/12.3.591","article-title":"Tsai YC, Hwang FR, Hsu TY, Soong YK. Subsequent reproduction and obstetric outcome after methotrexate treatment of cervical pregnancy: a review of original literature and international collaborative follow-up","volume":"12","author":"Kung","year":"1997","journal-title":"Hum Reprod."},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"763","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmig.2007.05.017","article-title":"Is uterine artery embolization for cervical ectopic pregnancy always safe?","volume":"14","author":"Martinelli","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Minim Invasive Gynecol"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"p872","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2010.12.024","article-title":"Conservative management of cervical ectopic pregnancy: utility of uterine artery embolization","volume":"95","author":"Zakaria","year":"2011","journal-title":"Fertil Steril."},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2012.10.013","article-title":"Cervical pregnancy treated by uterine artery embolisation combined with office hysteroscopy","volume":"166","author":"Scutiero","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2014.09.026","article-title":"Outcome, complications and future fertility in women treated with uterine artery embolization and methotrexate for non-tubal ectopic pregnancy","volume":"182","author":"Krissi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Medicine"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fmed.2022.990066\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,16]],"date-time":"2022-09-16T04:53:05Z","timestamp":1663303985000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fmed.2022.990066\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,16]]},"references-count":21,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fmed.2022.990066"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmed.2022.990066","relation":{},"ISSN":["2296-858X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2296-858X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,16]]},"article-number":"990066"}}