{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]],"date-time":"2025-07-30T16:01:59Z","timestamp":1753891319929,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,20]],"date-time":"2022-10-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1666224000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Med."],"abstract":"<jats:p>There are few and inconsistent data focusing on gastrointestinal (GI) manifestations and liver injury in China's early stage of COVID-19 pandemic. In this study, we research the prevalence and role of GI symptoms and liver injury in COVID-19 patients in Wuhan during the disease's first outbreak. We conducted a cross-sectional observational study in a non-ICU unit in Wuhan, China. COVID-19 patients were consecutively admitted from 23 February 2020 to 5 April 2020. Demographic and clinical data were retrieved and analyzed throughout the disease course. A total of 93 patients were enrolled, including 45.2% moderate, 54.8% severe, and 2.2% critical type patients. 69.9% of patients had at least one GI symptom; if excluding hyporexia\/anorexia, 49.5% of patients showed at least one GI symptom. The incidence rate of hyporexia\/anorexia, diarrhea, nausea\/vomiting, abdominal discomfort\/pain, and elevated liver enzymes were 67.7, 29.0, 28.0, 21.5, and 23.7%, respectively. Patients with GI symptoms or elevated liver enzymes have a higher risk of severe type disease than patients without GI symptoms or elevated liver enzymes (67.7 vs. 25.0%, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &amp;lt; 0.001; 77.3 vs. 47.9%, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.016, respectively), and experienced longer disease duration. In multivariate analysis, hyporexia\/anorexia was confirmed as an independent predictive factor of severe type disease (odds ratio: 5.912; 95% confidence interval: 2.247\u201315.559; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &amp;lt; 0.001). In conclusion, in the early stage of the COVID-19 pandemic, GI symptoms and elevated liver enzymes are common throughout the disease course, and associated with severer disease and longer disease duration.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2022.997000","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,20]],"date-time":"2022-10-20T06:49:45Z","timestamp":1666248585000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["The early stage of COVID-19 pandemic: Gastrointestinal manifestations and liver injury in COVID-19 patients in Wuhan, China"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Dafan","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Min","family":"Ning","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yun","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jun","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"536","DOI":"10.1038\/s41564-020-0695-z","article-title":"The species severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus: classifying 2019-nCoV and naming it SARS-CoV-2","volume":"5","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat 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