{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T23:55:35Z","timestamp":1791417335796,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,22]],"date-time":"2023-03-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1679443200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003453","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2020A1515011364"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020A1515011364"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003453","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Med."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>To determine the characteristics of longitudinal choroidal thickness (CT) and axial length (AL) changes in a group of Chinese young adults with various refractive errors.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>In this 2\u2009year prospective cohort study, a total of 291 (314 enrolled at baseline) Chinese medical freshmen aged 18 to 22\u2009years (mean age, 18.7\u2009\u00b1\u20090.9\u2009years) underwent eye examinations at baseline and follow-up visits, including cycloplegic refraction, ocular biometry measurements, and swept-source optical coherence tomography. Choroidal thickness measurements were performed at nine locations in the macular area.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>At baseline, the CT and AL was significant differences among groups of emmetropia, mild to moderate myopia and high myopia. During a two-year period, there were significant differences found in the changes of the subfoveal CT (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.001) and parafoveal CT of 7 locations between emmetropia and mild to moderate myopia, and the changes of the subfoveal CT (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.002) and parafoveal CT of 6 locations between emmetropia and high myopia. But there were no differences for AL and SE (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&amp;gt;\u20090.05). The multivariable linear regression analysis showed that baseline subfoveal CT (per 1 \u03bcm) was a significant factor affecting the changes of subfoveal CT (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.001), whereas age, gender, and baseline AL were not significantly associated.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The longitudinal change in CT varies with refractive errors in Chinese young adults aged 18 to 22\u2009years over a two-year period. The changes of subfoveal CT were significantly associated with the baseline subfoveal CT, but not associated with baseline AL.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2023.1036087","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,22]],"date-time":"2023-03-22T05:57:17Z","timestamp":1679464637000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Longitudinal choroidal thickness changes among Chinese young adults with various refractive errors"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Fang","family":"Duan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ziyan","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhenyu","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiayu","family":"Deng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna C.H.","family":"Yeo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adeline","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bj\u00f6rn","family":"Drobe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yee 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