{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,19]],"date-time":"2026-06-19T10:26:36Z","timestamp":1781864796317,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,27]],"date-time":"2023-02-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1677456000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Med."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Posterior chamber phakic intraocular implantable collamer lens (ICL) implantation is an effective surgical option for the management of myopia. Over the past few years, the number of ICL surgeries has significantly increased. Postoperative inflammation and endophthalmitis are among the most serious complications after successful ICL surgery. Sometimes, when the blepharospasm is removed at the end of surgery, a small amount of the ocular surface fluid will flow into the anterior chamber, which can lead to an increased risk of infection and inflammation. However, little attention has been paid to this phenomenon.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>We conducted a retrospective study to compare the incidence of extraocular fluid inflow into the eye through the clear corneal incision (CCI) at two different positions (superior and temporal sides).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 116 patients with myopia underwent superior CCI ICL implantation (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200958) or temporal CCI ICL implantation (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200958) at our hospital from October to December 2021. The incidence of conjunctival sac fluid entering the anterior chamber after eyelid fixative was removed was compared in both groups.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Both groups were well matched in all parameters. Ocular surface fluid inflow into the anterior chamber was significantly higher in the superior CCI group (25\/58, 47.1%) than in the temporal CCI group (1\/58, 1.7%) (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.05).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>In the patients with ICL implantation, the temporal CCI was better than the superior CCI in avoiding the ocular surface fluid inflow into the anterior chamber, and the potential risk of infection and inflammation was lower.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2023.1063003","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,27]],"date-time":"2023-02-27T04:44:05Z","timestamp":1677473045000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Association between the site of clear corneal Phakic intraocular lens implantation incisions and the inflow of ocular surface fluid into the anterior chamber"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Huan","family":"Wan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yunhan","family":"Tao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jianan","family":"Duan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lin","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Li","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7457902","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/7457902","article-title":"Posterior-chamber phakic intraocular lens implantation in patients over 40 years of 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Surg"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"bcr2015212708","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr-2015-212708","article-title":"Successful re-implantation of implantable collamer lens after management of post-ICL methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis endophthalmitis","volume":"2015","author":"Kaur","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMJ Case Rep"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.3109\/09273948.2013.824104","article-title":"Chronic postoperative Mycobacterium gordonae endophthalmitis in a patient with phakic intraocular lens","volume":"21","author":"Couto","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ocul Immunol Inflamm"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108476","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2021.108476","article-title":"Microbes of the human eye: microbiome, antimicrobial resistance and biofilm formation","volume":"205","author":"Ranjith","year":"2021","journal-title":"Exp Eye 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Ophthalmol"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3955","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-60985-5","article-title":"Site of clear corneal incision in cataract surgery and its effects on surgically induced astigmatism","volume":"10","author":"Piao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"744","DOI":"10.3928\/1081597X-20170921-01","article-title":"Comparison of wound sealability between femtosecond laser-constructed and manual clear corneal incisions in patients undergoing cataract surgery: a pilot study","volume":"33","author":"Uy","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Refract Surg"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in 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